Elrashedy Alyaa, Mousa Walid, Nayel Mohamed, Salama Akram, Zaghawa Ahmed, Elsify Ahmed, Hasan Mohamed E
Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt.
Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt.
Virol J. 2025 Jan 31;22(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s12985-025-02640-x.
The world is changing due to factors like bioterrorism, massive environmental changes, globalization of trade and commerce, growing urbanization, changing climate, and pollution. Numerous diseases have emerged because of these factors, especially in companion and food-producing animals. Numerous pathogens have established themselves in naïve populations, harming reproduction, productivity, and health. Bioinformatics is considered a valuable tool in infectious disease research, as it provides a comprehensive overview of the identification of pathogens, their genetic makeup, and their evolutionary relationship. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a novel bioinformatics approach to help decipher and model viral epidemiology and informatics on domestic animals and livestock. With significant advancements in bioinformatics and NGS, researchers can now identify contigs, which are contiguous sequences of DNA that are assembled from overlapping fragments, assemble a complete genome, perform phylogenetic analysis to diagnose, investigate the risk of viral diseases in animals, handle and share large biological datasets across various species. Additionally, multi-omics data integration further deepens our understanding of homology, divergence, mutations, and evolutionary relationships, providing a comprehensive perspective on the molecular mechanisms driving animal pathogens infections. This review aims to reveal the importance of utilizing the multidisciplinary areas of bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics and their roles in studying viral infectious diseases in veterinary medicine that will eventually improve the health of animals.
由于生物恐怖主义、大规模环境变化、贸易和商业全球化、城市化进程加快、气候变化以及污染等因素，世界正在发生变化。由于这些因素，出现了许多疾病，尤其是在伴侣动物和食用动物中。许多病原体在未接触过的种群中立足，损害繁殖、生产力和健康。生物信息学被认为是传染病研究中的一种宝贵工具，因为它提供了病原体鉴定、其基因组成及其进化关系的全面概述。因此，迫切需要一种新颖的生物信息学方法来帮助解读和模拟家畜和牲畜的病毒流行病学及信息学。随着生物信息学和二代测序技术的重大进展，研究人员现在可以识别重叠群（即由重叠片段组装而成的连续DNA序列）、组装完整基因组、进行系统发育分析以诊断、调查动物病毒性疾病的风险、处理和共享跨不同物种的大型生物数据集。此外，多组学数据整合进一步加深了我们对同源性、差异、突变和进化关系的理解，为驱动动物病原体感染的分子机制提供了全面的视角。本综述旨在揭示利用生物信息学、基因组学、蛋白质组学、转录组学、代谢组学和宏基因组学等多学科领域的重要性及其在兽医学中研究病毒感染性疾病的作用，最终改善动物健康。
