Evaluation of the Expression of Virulence Factors of After Interaction With the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) Cell Line.

Cholera remains a global challenge, and understanding how . adapts to environmental condition is essential for innovating new management strategies. This research aims to examine the expression of , , and genes in . (El Tor and classical biotypes) after interaction with Caco-2 cells compared to brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. After assaying of viability of Caco-2 cells against . at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10, 20, 50, and 80, the number of bacteria attached to Caco-2 cells was determined using the adhesion assay. To conduct a valid comparison, an equivalent number of bacteria that attached to Caco-2 cells was inoculated into BHI broth. The expression of , , and genes in . (El Tor and classical biotypes) was assayed using the real-time PCR method. After interaction of Caco-2 cells with . , the expression of the genes , , and in the El Tor biotype increased by 2-, 1.02-, and 7-fold, respectively, while in the classical biotype, it increased by 6-, 2-, and 13-fold, respectively. The expression of the genes and was significantly increased in Caco-2 cells in both biotypes. There was a significant increase in the expression of the gene in the classical biotype, while no significant increase was detected in the expression of this gene in the El Tor biotype. Caco-2 cells induced the highest increase in gene expression in the classical biotype, while there was no significant effect on gene expression in the El Tor biotype of . . In conclusion, . showed greater pathogenicity in the Caco-2 cells. Knowing the behavior of . in different conditions can lead to create innovative strategies for combating and managing cholera.