Hossain Md Shahadat, Shabir Shafqat, Ngwili Nicholas, Thomas Lian F, Falcone Franco H
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Jul 15;12:1558555. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1558555. eCollection 2025.
Cysticercosis is a neglected zoonosis caused by , which involves pigs as intermediate hosts, leading to pig cysticercosis (PCC). Humans are the only definitive hosts, harbouring the mature tapeworm in the small intestines, but they can also act as intermediate hosts upon accidental ingestion of eggs, resulting in human cysticercosis (HCC), called neurocysticercosis (NCC) when the cysts lodge in the central nervous system. Diagnosis of HCC/NCC in humans is based on imaging technologies and serology. The gold standard method for PCC diagnosis is the full carcass dissection and recovery of cysts. However, tongue palpation and meat inspection are the most widely used methods in endemic countries. These methods are specific at the genus level but cannot distinguish mixed infection from other taeniids and are not sufficiently sensitive in pigs with low infection. Available serological tests for human and pig infection are based on parasite-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG). Still, most tests are either cross-reactive with other taeniids or not sensitive enough for single or inactive cysts, particularly for NCC patients. Here, we compare various serological techniques for PCC and NCC published since 2000 and discuss the benefit of IgE-based serodiagnosis as a potential alternative to traditional serology. Considering the diagnostic limitations described above and the need to identify endemic areas to prevent transmission between humans and pigs and monitor control efforts, the development of more sensitive and specific serological tests, followed by a field-applicable point-of-care (POC) test for cysticercosis, is of the utmost importance.
囊尾蚴病是一种由[病原体名称缺失]引起的被忽视的人畜共患病，猪作为中间宿主，会导致猪囊尾蚴病（PCC）。人类是唯一的终末宿主，在小肠中寄生着成熟的绦虫，但人类在意外摄入虫卵后也可作为中间宿主，导致人类囊尾蚴病（HCC），当囊肿寄生于中枢神经系统时称为神经囊尾蚴病（NCC）。人类HCC/NCC的诊断基于影像学技术和血清学。PCC诊断的金标准方法是全尸剖检和囊肿回收。然而，在流行国家，触诊舌头和肉类检查是最广泛使用的方法。这些方法在属水平上具有特异性，但无法区分与其他带绦虫的混合感染，并且对低感染率的猪不够敏感。现有的针对人和猪感染的血清学检测基于寄生虫特异性免疫球蛋白G（IgG）。尽管如此，大多数检测要么与其他带绦虫有交叉反应，要么对单个或不活动的囊肿不够敏感，特别是对NCC患者。在此，我们比较了自2000年以来发表的用于PCC和NCC的各种血清学技术，并讨论了基于IgE的血清学诊断作为传统血清学潜在替代方法的益处。考虑到上述诊断局限性以及识别流行地区以预防人和猪之间传播并监测防控工作的必要性，开发更敏感和特异的血清学检测方法，随后开发适用于现场的囊尾蚴病即时检测（POC）至关重要。
