Jones Petra J, Rowlands Alex V, Davies Melanie J, Webb David, Gillies Clare L, Shah Alam
Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
J Foot Ankle Res. 2025 Sep;18(3):e70070. doi: 10.1002/jfa2.70070.
3D foot scanners such as the Elinvision 3DST foot scanner potentially offer a faster, alternative method to traditional plaster casting to produce orthotics or therapeutic footwear.
OBJECTIVE(S): To assess the reliability of 3DST-derived foot length, orthogonal ball width, heel width and ball girth. We also compared 3D scanner and manually derived measures.
Repeated measures design.
Two independent raters carried out three scans each of the right foot of 20 healthy participants (10 female) aged 18 years or over (mean age 38 ± 11.4 years) using the 3DST scanner (software v1.6.21.833). Manual foot measurements were taken by an experienced rater using Ritz stick and tape measure.
Intraclass correlation coefficients were excellent for both inter-rater reliability (0.99-1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-1.00) and intra-rater reliability (Rater 1: 0.98-1.00, 95% CI 0.96-1.00; Rater 2: 0.97-1.00, 95% CI 0.94-1.00). Standard error of the mean ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 cm both for scanner and manual measurements. The mean absolute differences between the scanner and manual measurements were ≤ 0.4 cm for foot length, orthogonal ball width (0.2-0.3 cm), ball girth and heel width (0.3-0.4 cm) but larger for foot waist, short heel, ankle circumference and anatomical ball width (0.5-1.1 cm).
The 3DST scanner has potential application for capture of basic foot dimensions in footwear fit research. However, larger differences relative to manual measures for other dimensions limits its potential in orthotics or therapeutic footwear production.
诸如Elinvision 3DST足部扫描仪之类的3D足部扫描仪可能提供一种比传统石膏取模更快的替代方法，用于制作矫形器或治疗性鞋具。
评估通过3DST得出的足长、正交球宽、足跟宽和球围的可靠性。我们还比较了3D扫描仪测量值与手动测量值。
重复测量设计。
两名独立的评估者使用3DST扫描仪（软件版本v1.6.21.833）对20名18岁及以上（平均年龄38±11.4岁）的健康参与者（10名女性）的右脚各进行三次扫描。由一名经验丰富的评估者使用Ritz棒和卷尺进行足部手动测量。
组内相关系数在评估者间可靠性（0.99 - 1.00，95%置信区间（CI）0.97 - 1.00）和评估者内可靠性方面都非常出色（评估者1：0.98 - 1.00，95% CI 0.96 - 1.00；评估者2：0.97 - 1.00，95% CI 0.94 - 1.00）。扫描仪测量值和手动测量值的平均标准误差范围均为0.1至0.4厘米。扫描仪测量值与手动测量值之间的平均绝对差值在足长、正交球宽（0.2 - 0.3厘米）、球围和足跟宽（0.3 - 0.4厘米）方面≤0.4厘米，但在足腰、短足跟、踝围和解剖学球宽方面（0.5 - 1.1厘米）差异较大。
3DST扫描仪在鞋类适配研究中具有获取基本足部尺寸的潜在应用价值。然而，相对于其他尺寸的手动测量值存在较大差异，限制了其在矫形器或治疗性鞋具生产中的潜力。
