Berki Zita, Kiss Tibor, Bányai Judit, Cseh András, Balla Krisztina, Karsai Ildikó
HUN-REN Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, Martonvásár, Hungary.
Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger, Hungary.
PLoS One. 2025 Jul 30;20(7):e0329391. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0329391. eCollection 2025.
As the frequency of droughts increases, the breeding of new drought-tolerant cereal varieties may become increasingly important. However, the complex effects of drought stress on grain yield-related traits are difficult to study precisely, and relatively little information is available on how drought during flowering affects plants. Therefore, 28 winter barley cultivars were included into controlled environmental tests, where their reactions were determined to single drought stress treatment applied at heading and to combined drought stresses applied at first node appearance and then at heading. Drought stress (both single and combined) significantly reduced all of the grain-yield related traits. Notably, grain yield was reduced by 48% in the two-row varieties and by 44.24% in the six-row varieties under combined drought stress, compared to the control. Our study has also demonstrated, that the combined application of drought tolerance/susceptibility indices (DT/SIs) and BLUP-based analysis provides a reliable approach for identifying stress-tolerant genotypes. We identified two main types of drought stress tolerance: the ability of preserving grain number and weight in the main ears, in parallel of maintaining the number of reproductive tillers (more tolerant), and the ability of preserving grain number and weight in the side ears (least tolerant). Both types appeared in either treatment, but not with the same intensity. Our results may provide useful information for a better understanding of this topic, which may become even more important in the context of increasingly frequent droughts.
随着干旱频率的增加，培育新的耐旱谷物品种可能变得越来越重要。然而，干旱胁迫对与谷物产量相关性状的复杂影响难以精确研究，而且关于开花期干旱如何影响植物的信息相对较少。因此，将28个冬大麦品种纳入可控环境试验，测定它们对抽穗期单一干旱胁迫以及第一节出现期和抽穗期联合干旱胁迫的反应。干旱胁迫（单一胁迫和联合胁迫）均显著降低了所有与谷物产量相关的性状。值得注意的是，与对照相比，在联合干旱胁迫下，两行品种的谷物产量降低了48%，六行品种降低了44.24%。我们的研究还表明，耐旱性/敏感性指数（DT/SIs）与基于最佳线性无偏预测（BLUP）的分析相结合，为鉴定耐胁迫基因型提供了一种可靠的方法。我们确定了两种主要的干旱胁迫耐受性类型：在保持主穗粒数和粒重的同时，维持生殖分蘖数的能力（耐受性更强），以及保持侧穗粒数和粒重的能力（耐受性最弱）。这两种类型在任何一种处理中都有出现，但强度不同。我们的结果可能为更好地理解这一主题提供有用信息，在干旱日益频繁的背景下，这一主题可能会变得更加重要。
