Sharma Madhvi, Sidhu Amanpreet K, Samota Mahesh Kumar, Gupta Mamta, Koli Pushpendra, Choudhary Mukesh
Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Khalsa College, Amritsar 143009, India.
ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Regional Station, Abohar 152116, India.
Proteomes. 2023 Nov 22;11(4):38. doi: 10.3390/proteomes11040038.
Abiotic stresses profoundly alter plant growth and development, resulting in yield losses. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms to combat these challenges, triggering intricate molecular responses to maintain tissue hydration and temperature stability during stress. A pivotal player in this defense is histone modification, governing gene expression in response to diverse environmental cues. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone tails, including acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation, regulate transcription, DNA processes, and stress-related traits. This review comprehensively explores the world of PTMs of histones in plants and their vital role in imparting various abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Techniques, like chromatin immune precipitation (ChIP), ChIP-qPCR, mass spectrometry, and Cleavage Under Targets and Tag mentation, have unveiled the dynamic histone modification landscape within plant cells. The significance of PTMs in enhancing the plants' ability to cope with abiotic stresses has also been discussed. Recent advances in PTM research shed light on the molecular basis of stress tolerance in plants. Understanding the intricate proteome complexity due to various proteoforms/protein variants is a challenging task, but emerging single-cell resolution techniques may help to address such challenges. The review provides the future prospects aimed at harnessing the full potential of PTMs for improved plant responses under changing climate change.
非生物胁迫会深刻改变植物的生长和发育，导致产量损失。植物已经进化出适应性机制来应对这些挑战，在胁迫期间触发复杂的分子反应以维持组织水合作用和温度稳定性。这种防御中的一个关键因素是组蛋白修饰，它可根据不同的环境线索调控基因表达。组蛋白尾部的翻译后修饰（PTM），包括乙酰化、磷酸化、甲基化、泛素化和类泛素化，可调节转录、DNA 过程以及与胁迫相关的性状。本综述全面探讨了植物中组蛋白的 PTM 世界及其在赋予植物各种非生物胁迫耐受性方面的重要作用。染色质免疫沉淀（ChIP）、ChIP-qPCR、质谱分析以及靶向切割和标签化切割等技术揭示了植物细胞内动态的组蛋白修饰图谱。还讨论了 PTM 在增强植物应对非生物胁迫能力方面的重要性。PTM 研究的最新进展揭示了植物胁迫耐受性的分子基础。理解由于各种蛋白质异构体/蛋白质变体导致的复杂蛋白质组复杂性是一项具有挑战性的任务，但新兴的单细胞分辨率技术可能有助于应对此类挑战。本综述提供了未来的展望，旨在充分利用 PTM 的潜力，以改善植物在气候变化下的反应。
