Bechir George, Bechir Angelina
Hospital Medicine, Franciscan Health, Munster, USA.
Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.
Cureus. 2025 Jun 30;17(6):e87019. doi: 10.7759/cureus.87019. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Despite decades of operational improvement, discharge delays remain a widespread and costly challenge across hospitals. These delays contribute to overcrowded units, inefficient use of resources, and avoidable patient harm. Importantly, many of these delays are not due to unresolved medical issues but to late-stage communication breakdowns, unclear expectations, and inadequate preparation for the transition out of the hospital. Too often, discharge is approached reactively, rather than proactively integrated into the patient's care plan from the outset. This narrative review reframes discharge planning through a critical but underutilized lens: early and proactive engagement of patients and families. We examine the growing body of evidence supporting the use of tools such as bedside whiteboards, structured interdisciplinary rounds, Estimated Date of Discharge (EDD) documentation, and day-one family contact. Studies show that when the EDD is established within 24 hours and reinforced throughout the stay, hospitals experience fewer non-medical delays, improved patient and caregiver satisfaction, and reductions in length of stay. Furthermore, this approach improves coordination among care teams by providing a shared, visible timeline around which clinical decisions and discharge planning activities can be organized. However, despite its benefits, widespread implementation is hindered by cultural inertia, inconsistent documentation, competing clinical priorities, and a lack of standardized protocols. Drawing on published quality improvement studies and institutional practices, we propose a Day One Discharge Engagement model as a scalable strategy for transforming the discharge process into a continuous, collaborative, and patient-centered effort. This model not only improves hospital efficiency but reframes discharge as an integral part of healing, one that begins at admission and culminates in a safe, supported transition home.
尽管经过数十年的运营改进,但出院延迟仍是各医院普遍存在且代价高昂的挑战。这些延迟导致病房拥挤、资源利用效率低下以及可避免的患者伤害。重要的是,许多此类延迟并非由于未解决的医疗问题,而是由于后期的沟通不畅、期望不明确以及出院准备不足。通常,出院处理是被动的,而不是从一开始就积极纳入患者的护理计划。这篇叙述性综述通过一个关键但未充分利用的视角重新构建出院计划:患者及其家属的早期和积极参与。我们研究了越来越多的证据,这些证据支持使用诸如床边白板、结构化跨学科查房、预计出院日期(EDD)记录以及入院第一天与家属联系等工具。研究表明,当在24小时内确定预计出院日期并在住院期间持续强化时,医院的非医疗延迟减少,患者和护理人员满意度提高,住院时间缩短。此外,这种方法通过提供一个共享的、可见的时间表来改善护理团队之间的协调,围绕该时间表可以组织临床决策和出院计划活动。然而,尽管有这些好处,广泛实施却受到文化惯性、记录不一致、相互竞争的临床优先事项以及缺乏标准化协议的阻碍。借鉴已发表的质量改进研究和机构实践,我们提出了“入院第一天出院参与”模型,作为一种可扩展的策略,将出院过程转变为一个持续、协作且以患者为中心的努力。这个模型不仅提高了医院效率,还将出院重新定义为康复不可或缺的一部分,从入院开始,最终以安全、得到支持的回家过渡告终。