Contamination Assessment in Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Devices Using a Complete Disassembly Cleaning Protocol: Two Years of Experience.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder that is commonly managed with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Although CPAP is clinically effective, issues related to device hygiene and contamination remain understudied. This study aims to present a practical protocol for CPAP disassembly and cleaning and to report the outcomes of its implementation over a 2-year period.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective chart review of 359 OSA patients prescribed CPAP therapy between 2018 and 2025. Of these, 136 patients participated in a complimentary, comprehensive CPAP cleaning service. Contamination was assessed using a subjective visual analog scale (VAS) following photographic documentation of each device component. The relationship between contamination scores and device usage duration was analyzed.

RESULTS

Patients who received the cleaning service did not differ significantly from the overall cohort in terms of age, sex, apnea-hypopnea index, or average daily usage time, except that they had a significantly shorter total duration of usage. Contamination was found on all device components, including internal parts that are not routinely inspected. Positive correlations between contamination levels and usage duration were statistically significant for every component. The cleaning process required approximately 2 days per device and was feasible for routine clinical implementation.

CONCLUSION

CPAP devices accumulate visible contamination over time, emphasizing the need for standardized cleaning protocols. Our experience indicates that physician-led education, patient cooperation, and dedicated involvement of paramedical staff are essential in reducing contamination risks. Interdisciplinary collaboration is recommended to develop evidence-based guidelines for CPAP hygiene management.