Junk Isabelle, Hans Julian, Perez-Lamarque Benoît, Stothut Manuel, Weber Sven, Gold Elisabeth, Schubert Caroline, Schumacher Alice, Schmitt Nina, Melcher Anja, Paulus Martin, Klein Roland, Teubner Diana, Koschorreck Jan, Kennedy Susan, Morlon Hélène, Krehenwinkel Henrik
Trier University, Trier, Germany.
Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2025 Aug 1. doi: 10.1038/s41559-025-02812-6.
Detecting the imprints of global environmental change on biological communities is a paramount task for ecological research. But a lack of standardized long-term biomonitoring data prevents a deeper understanding of biodiversity change in the Anthropocene. Novel sources of data for analysing biodiversity change across time and space are urgently needed. By metabarcoding highly standardized biota samples from a long-term pollution monitoring archive in Germany, we here analyse four decades of community diversity for tens of thousands of species across the tree of life. The archived samples-tree leaves, marine macroalgae, and marine and limnic mussels-represent natural community DNA samplers, preserving a taxonomically diverse imprint of their associated biodiversity at the time of collection. We find no evidence for universal diversity declines at the local scale. Instead, a gradual compositional turnover emerges as a universal pattern of temporal biodiversity change in Germany's terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This turnover results in biotic homogenization in most terrestrial and marine communities. Limnic communities, in contrast, rather differentiate across space, probably due to the immigration of different invasive species into different sites. Our study highlights the immense promise of alternative sample sources to provide standardized time series data of biodiversity change in the Anthropocene.
检测全球环境变化对生物群落的影响是生态学研究的一项首要任务。但缺乏标准化的长期生物监测数据阻碍了我们对人类世生物多样性变化的深入理解。迫切需要新的数据来源来分析时空尺度上的生物多样性变化。通过对德国一个长期污染监测档案中高度标准化的生物群样本进行元条形码分析，我们在此分析了四十年来生命之树上成千上万物种的群落多样性。存档样本——树叶、海洋大型藻类以及海洋和淡水贻贝——代表了自然群落DNA采样器，保存了采集时其相关生物多样性在分类学上的多样印记。我们没有发现局部尺度上普遍存在多样性下降的证据。相反，在德国的陆地和水生生态系统中，逐渐的组成更替成为生物多样性随时间变化的普遍模式。这种更替导致大多数陆地和海洋群落出现生物同质化。相比之下，淡水群落可能由于不同入侵物种迁入不同地点而在空间上出现分化。我们的研究凸显了利用替代样本来源提供人类世生物多样性变化标准化时间序列数据的巨大前景。
