Sun Jing, Bao Wanjun, Han Ye, Zhang Rongfei, Zhou Zhijiang
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, The People's Republic of China.
Tianjin Naer Biotechnology Co., LTD., Tianjin, The People's Republic of China.
Vet Med Sci. 2025 May;11(3):e70341. doi: 10.1002/vms3.70341.
Coccidiosis is an important parasitic disease of broiler chickens. Drug resistance to the polyether polyether Ionophore anticoccidial drugs (PACDs) caused by long-term use has emerged as a significant problem in commercial broiler chicken production.
This study explored the feasibility of 1,8-cineole (CIN) in replacing PACD with broiler feeding experiments and intestinal microecological experiments.
This experiment selected 21-day-old Lingnan yellow (LNY) broilers and randomly divided them into 8 groups, with 30 chickens in each group. They were uniformly fed with full feed during the breeding period. The experimental groups were as follows: (i) three broiler groups that were fed a PACD supplementation (G1: Salinomycin Premix [SAP] 60 mg/kg; G2: Monensin Premix [MOP] 100 mg/kg and G3: Maduramicin Premix [MAP] 5 mg/kg), (ii) three broiler groups that were administered different CIN dosages (G4: CIN-L 100 mg/kg, G5: CIN-M 150 mg/kg and G6: CIN-H 250 mg/kg) and (iii) two control broiler groups (G7: infected control group and G8: healthy control group). On the 23rd day, all groups were infected with coccidian cysts, except the G8 group which was used as a blank control. After 2 weeks of continuous feeding, the growth performance changes of broilers were analysed, and the intestinal lesions of eight groups of broilers were analysed after slaughter.
Compared with PACD treatment, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the three CIN-treated groups increased by 13%, whereas the feed conversion ratio (FCR) reduced by 28%. FCR value for the high-dose CIN treatment was 2.04, 34% decline which compared with control group infected with spore oocysts. The anticoccidial index (ACI) of all PACD treatments was less than 120, whereas the ACI of the middle- and high-dose CIN treatments was higher than 180. In comparison to the Eimeria-infected control group, the diversity and total number of the microbiota in the CIN treatments increased significantly. Moreover, CIN treatment favoured the proliferation of intestinal probiotics, especially Lactobacillus sp.
CIN could have an inhibitory effect on parasite development as suggested in the gene function annotation of the intestinal microbiota. These results demonstrate that CIN may be a feasible natural alternative to anticoccidiosis drugs. So it was important to take precautions against and control coccidiosis in poultry production which has a lesser risk of creating resistance to substitutive PACDs.
球虫病是肉鸡的一种重要寄生虫病。长期使用聚醚类离子载体抗球虫药（PACD）导致的耐药性已成为商业肉鸡生产中的一个重大问题。
本研究通过肉鸡饲养实验和肠道微生态实验探索1,8-桉叶素（CIN）替代PACD的可行性。
本实验选取21日龄岭南黄（LNY）肉鸡，随机分为8组，每组30只。饲养期间统一饲喂全价饲料。实验组如下：（i）三个添加PACD的肉鸡组（G1：盐霉素预混剂[SAP]60mg/kg；G2：莫能菌素预混剂[MOP]100mg/kg；G3：马杜霉素预混剂[MAP]5mg/kg），（ii）三个给予不同剂量CIN的肉鸡组（G4：低剂量CIN-L 100mg/kg，G5：中剂量CIN-M 150mg/kg，G6：高剂量CIN-H 250mg/kg），（iii）两个对照肉鸡组（G7：感染对照组和G8：健康对照组）。在第23天，除G8组作为空白对照外，所有组均感染球虫卵囊。连续饲喂2周后，分析肉鸡的生长性能变化，并在屠宰后分析八组肉鸡的肠道病变。
与PACD处理相比，三个CIN处理组的平均日采食量（ADFI）增加了13%，而饲料转化率（FCR）降低了28%。高剂量CIN处理的FCR值为2.04，与感染孢子卵囊的对照组相比下降了34%。所有PACD处理的抗球虫指数（ACI）均小于120，而中高剂量CIN处理的ACI高于180。与艾美耳球虫感染对照组相比，CIN处理组中微生物群的多样性和总数显著增加。此外，CIN处理有利于肠道益生菌的增殖，尤其是乳酸杆菌属。
如肠道微生物群的基因功能注释所示，CIN可能对寄生虫发育具有抑制作用。这些结果表明，CIN可能是抗球虫病药物的一种可行的天然替代品。因此，在家禽生产中预防和控制球虫病很重要，因为其产生对替代PACD耐药性的风险较小。
