Beyaz Salih, Özgözen Alaaddin Levent, Turgut Necmettin, Ölke Hakkı Can
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Adana Turgut Noyan Research and Training Centre, Baskent University, Adana, Türkiye.
Future Sci OA. 2025 Dec;11(1):2540742. doi: 10.1080/20565623.2025.2540742. Epub 2025 Aug 2.
Technological innovations in medicine are increasingly expected to replicate the diagnostic, decision-making, and procedural skills of experienced physicians. This review explores the evolution, current status, and limitations of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic surgery in clinical practice. Radiology and pathology have led the way in digital transformation, enabling AI applications through standardized datasets and electronic health records. However, limitations such as algorithmic opacity, legal-ethical uncertainties, and fragmented digital infrastructures continue to hinder broader implementation. In robotic surgery, soft tissue procedures have not yet demonstrated significant advantages over conventional laparoscopy in terms of cost or operative efficiency. Orthopedic applications, particularly in arthroplasty, are promising but still lack long-term validation. Importantly, for any technology to create true value in healthcare, its benefits must clearly outweigh its costs. As healthcare systems face mounting pressure from aging populations and rising procedural demand, particularly for cholecystectomy, prostatectomy, and arthroplasty, the development of efficient and scalable technologies becomes inevitable. While neither AI nor robotic surgery has yet fulfilled its transformative promise, historical trends suggest that innovation will persist toward overcoming these barriers.
医学领域的技术创新越来越被期望能够复制经验丰富的医生的诊断、决策和操作技能。本综述探讨了人工智能（AI）和机器人手术在临床实践中的发展历程、现状及局限性。放射学和病理学在数字转型方面走在了前列，通过标准化数据集和电子健康记录实现了人工智能应用。然而，诸如算法不透明、法律伦理不确定性以及碎片化的数字基础设施等局限性，仍然阻碍着其更广泛的应用。在机器人手术中，软组织手术在成本或手术效率方面尚未显示出比传统腹腔镜手术有显著优势。骨科应用，尤其是在关节置换方面，前景广阔，但仍缺乏长期验证。重要的是，任何技术要想在医疗保健领域创造真正的价值，其益处必须明显超过成本。随着医疗保健系统面临来自老龄化人口和不断增长的手术需求（尤其是胆囊切除术、前列腺切除术和关节置换术）的日益增加的压力，高效且可扩展技术的发展变得不可避免。虽然人工智能和机器人手术都尚未实现其变革性的承诺，但历史趋势表明，创新将持续下去以克服这些障碍。
