Zhu Yixuan, Gu Pengfei, Bao Yongzhan, Song Bowen, Zhang Jinglu, Wang Xiao, Shi Wanyu
College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding 071000, China.
College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding 071000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Baoding, 071001, China.
Poult Sci. 2025 Jul 26;104(10):105599. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105599.
H9N2 is an increasing threat to global poultry production and human health. Vaccination of poultry is a key element of disease control in endemic countries, but the inactivated H9N2 vaccine needs to be used with adjuvants to compensate for its weak immunogenicity. Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide (SMP) and Mn have received extensive attention because of their ability to enhance adaptive immunity and stimulate IFN-β secretion, respectively. Our previous studies had indicated that Mn/SMP encapsulated by PLGA (MS-PLGA) can be used as an effective adjuvant for the model antigen (ovalbumin), triggering a potent and durable immune response in mice. Here, we due to confirm the effect of MS-PLGA in chickens. we successfully prepared MS-PLGA-H9N2 and after immunization, it generated stronger specific IgG antibody and higher HI titers, and it also can activate CD4 and CD8T cells in peripheral blood and spleen. Moreover, both concentrations of the serum cytokine IFN-γ (Th1), IL-6 (Th2) and IFN-β are increased, demonstrating Th1/Th2 without bias. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of MS-PLGA-H9N2, multi-omics analysis and immunofluorescence of the spleen were explored. The GO and KEGG pathways revealed that immune response and defense response were promoted and lymphocytes of spleen were activated. Overall, MS-PLGA-H9N2 has the potential to be clinically induce to induce potent immune responses in chickens.
H9N2对全球家禽生产和人类健康构成的威胁日益增加。在家禽流行国家，疫苗接种是疾病控制的关键要素，但灭活H9N2疫苗需要与佐剂联合使用以弥补其免疫原性较弱的问题。丹参多糖（SMP）和锰分别因其增强适应性免疫和刺激IFN-β分泌的能力而受到广泛关注。我们之前的研究表明，由聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物（PLGA）包裹的锰/丹参多糖（MS-PLGA）可作为模型抗原（卵清蛋白）的有效佐剂，在小鼠中引发强烈且持久的免疫反应。在此，我们旨在证实MS-PLGA对鸡的作用。我们成功制备了MS-PLGA-H9N2，免疫后，它产生了更强的特异性IgG抗体和更高的血凝抑制（HI）效价，并且还能激活外周血和脾脏中的CD4和CD8 T细胞。此外，血清细胞因子IFN-γ（Th1）、IL-6（Th2）和IFN-β的浓度均升高，表明Th1/Th2无偏向性。为阐明MS-PLGA-H9N2的调控机制，我们对脾脏进行了多组学分析和免疫荧光检测。基因本体（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路显示，免疫反应和防御反应得到促进，脾脏淋巴细胞被激活。总体而言，MS-PLGA-H9N2有潜力在临床上诱导鸡产生强烈的免疫反应。
