Deng Xinpeng, Zhao Mingyue, Zhang Enhao, Wei Liangzhe, Gao Xiang, Zhang Dong, Huang Yi
Ningbo Key Laboratory of Nervous System and Brain Function, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Theranostics. 2025 Jul 11;15(15):7902-7924. doi: 10.7150/thno.113396. eCollection 2025.
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a common cerebrovascular disease characterized by high incidence and disability rates, placing a significant burden on global healthcare systems. Various cell types, including microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and peripheral immune cells, interact in the pathological process of AIS, profoundly influencing the disease's prognosis. This review, for the first time, summarizes the biological functions and interaction mechanisms of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, their subgroups, and infiltrating peripheral immune cells at different time points and spatial distributions following AIS, from the perspective of spatial single-cell omics. Spatial transcriptomics technology combines high-resolution gene expression information with tissue spatial architecture, enabling researchers to precisely identify the spatial distribution and dynamic crosstalk between CNS-resident cells and peripheral immune cell subsets. Intervening in the interactions between cell subgroups or different cell types and effectively targeting specific subgroups in the target area, may help minimize the negative effects of harmful subsets while enhancing the functions of beneficial ones. The application of spatial single-cell transcriptomics provides an unprecedented perspective for understanding the complex intercellular interactions following stroke, laying the foundation for precision interventions and targeted therapies.
急性缺血性卒中（AIS）是一种常见的脑血管疾病，具有高发病率和致残率的特点，给全球医疗系统带来了沉重负担。包括小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和外周免疫细胞在内的各种细胞类型在AIS的病理过程中相互作用，深刻影响疾病的预后。本综述首次从空间单细胞组学的角度，总结了AIS后不同时间点和空间分布下小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞及其亚群以及浸润的外周免疫细胞的生物学功能和相互作用机制。空间转录组学技术将高分辨率基因表达信息与组织空间结构相结合，使研究人员能够精确识别中枢神经系统驻留细胞与外周免疫细胞亚群之间的空间分布和动态串扰。干预细胞亚群或不同细胞类型之间的相互作用，并有效靶向目标区域中的特定亚群，可能有助于将有害亚群的负面影响降至最低，同时增强有益亚群的功能。空间单细胞转录组学的应用为理解卒中后的复杂细胞间相互作用提供了前所未有的视角，为精准干预和靶向治疗奠定了基础。
