Zhu Yongcai, Wu Qiaoqun, Luo Linli, Yang Shenglin
School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Jul 9;12:1615674. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1615674. eCollection 2025.
and , recognized for their antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, have demonstrated potential benefits. However, the specific mechanisms by which these herbs impact poultry health, particularly regarding alterations in gut microbiota and brain metabolite profiles, remain insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of and supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, cecal microbiota, and brain metabolites in Sansui ducks. A total of 216 one-day-old ducks were randomly assigned to three treatments for a 35-day trial, each with 6 replicates of 12 ducks. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (T3), a basal diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg (T1), and a basal diet supplemented with 40 mg/kg (T2). The results showed that both and treatments significantly improved final body weight (by 3.0 and 4.1%, respectively) and increased serum IgG and IgM levels by 7.4 and 9.0%, and decreased feed conversion rates by 5.4 and 5.0%, respectively, compared to the control ( < 0.05). Notably, supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of and , and significantly decreased the relative abundance of compared to the control group ( < 0.05). treatment increased the relative abundance of compared to the control group ( < 0.05). Brain metabolite analysis showed that increased glutamine (Gln) levels by 18.4% and decreased -aminobutyric acid (GABA), tyrosine (Tyr), and acetylcholine (Ach) by 19.7, 14.6, and 22.5%, respectively ( < 0.05). increased 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) concentration by 31.2% ( < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated associations between gut microbiota (, , , and ) changes and brain metabolites (GABA, Ach, and Glutamic [Glu]), suggesting the potential influence of these herbs through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Supplementation with and enhanced growth performance, immunity, and brain neurochemical profiles, potentially through gut microbiota modulation. These herbs show promise as functional feed additives in duck production.
并且，因其抗氧化和免疫调节特性而受到认可，已显示出潜在益处。然而，这些草药影响家禽健康的具体机制，特别是关于肠道微生物群和脑代谢物谱的改变，仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在探讨添加[草药名称1]和[草药名称2]对三穗鸭生长性能、免疫力、盲肠微生物群和脑代谢物的影响。总共216只1日龄的鸭子被随机分配到三种处理方式进行为期35天的试验，每种处理有6个重复，每个重复12只鸭子。日粮处理包括基础日粮（T3）、添加40mg/kg[草药名称1]的基础日粮（T1）和添加40mg/kg[草药名称2]的基础日粮（T2）。结果表明，与对照组相比，[草药名称1]和[草药名称2]处理均显著提高了末体重（分别提高了3.0%和4.1%），血清IgG和IgM水平分别提高了7.4%和9.0%，饲料转化率分别降低了5.4%和5.0%（P<0.05）。值得注意的是，与对照组相比，添加[草药名称1]显著增加了[细菌名称1]和[细菌名称2]的相对丰度，并显著降低了[细菌名称3]的相对丰度（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，[草药名称2]处理增加了[细菌名称4]的相对丰度（P<0.05）。脑代谢物分析表明，[草药名称1]使谷氨酰胺（Gln）水平提高了18.4%，使γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、酪氨酸（Tyr）和乙酰胆碱（Ach）分别降低了19.7%、14.6%和22.5%（P<0.05）。[草药名称2]使5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）浓度提高了31.2%（P<0.05）。相关性分析表明肠道微生物群（[细菌名称1]、[细菌名称2]、[细菌名称3]和[细菌名称4]）变化与脑代谢物（GABA、Ach和谷氨酸[Glu]）之间存在关联，表明这些草药可能通过微生物群-肠-脑轴产生潜在影响。添加[草药名称1]和[草药名称2]可能通过调节肠道微生物群增强了生长性能、免疫力和脑神经化学特征。这些草药有望成为鸭生产中的功能性饲料添加剂。
