Cunningham C E, Siegel L S, van der Spuy H I, Clark M L, Bow S J
Child Dev. 1985 Dec;56(6):1389-403.
3 studies were based on subgroups selected from larger pools of either normal children or children with delays in the expression and/or comprehension of language but normal nonverbal abilities. In Study 1, younger (28-50 months) and older (51-68 months) normal (N = 27) and language-delayed (N = 33) boys were observed interacting with their mothers in free play and structured task situations. Although language-delayed children initiated fewer interactions, their responsiveness to maternal interactions, questions, and commands did not differ from that of normal children. Mothers questioned language-delayed children less frequently during tasks but did not differ from mothers of normal children on other measures of interaction, responsiveness, control, or reward strategies. In Study 2, the complexity of maternal speech directed to normal (N = 11) and expressively delayed (N = 11) boys who were matched on the basis of comprehensive skills did not differ. Maternal speech to boys with delays in both language expression and comprehension (N = 11) was significantly less complex. In Study 3, the discrepancy between the speech complexity of mothers and that of their language-delayed children (N = 47) was greatest in younger children with greater expression and comprehension delays, who initiated fewer interactions and proved less responsive to maternal interactions and questions.
3项研究基于从正常儿童或语言表达和/或理解能力延迟但非语言能力正常的较大儿童群体中选取的亚组。在研究1中，观察了年龄较小（28 - 50个月）和年龄较大（51 - 68个月）的正常男孩（N = 27）和语言延迟男孩（N = 33）在自由玩耍和结构化任务情境中与母亲的互动。尽管语言延迟儿童发起的互动较少，但他们对母亲互动、问题和指令的反应与正常儿童没有差异。母亲在任务期间较少询问语言延迟儿童，但在互动、反应性、控制或奖励策略的其他测量方面与正常儿童的母亲没有差异。在研究2中，针对根据综合技能匹配的正常男孩（N = 11）和表达性延迟男孩（N = 11）的母亲言语复杂性没有差异。对语言表达和理解都延迟的男孩（N = 11）的母亲言语明显不那么复杂。在研究3中，母亲与其语言延迟儿童（N = 47）的言语复杂性差异在表达和理解延迟更大的年幼儿童中最大，这些儿童发起的互动较少，对母亲的互动和问题反应也较少。
