Mash E J, Johnston C
Child Dev. 1982 Oct;53(5):1371-81.
The mother-child interactions of both younger (means age = 4.11) and older (means age = 8.4) hyperactive children were compared and contrasted with those observed in comparable age groups of normals. Interactions were observed in an unstructured-play and structured-task situation. Mothers of hyperactives were generally more directive and negative during play and less responsive to child-initiated interactions. Hyperactive children asked more questions and were generally more negative and noncompliant during play, particularly younger hyperactives. Hyperactives did not differ from normals in their reactions to mother-initiated behavior during play but engaged in less independent activity when their mothers were noninteractive. During the structured-task situation mothers of hyperactives were more directive and negative and less interactive and approving, even when their child was interacting appropriately. In general, between-group differences in mother-child interactions were greatest when comparing dyads with a younger hyperactive child with the other 3 groups, especially during the structured-task situation.
对年龄较小（平均年龄 = 4.11岁）和年龄较大（平均年龄 = 8.4岁）的多动症儿童的母婴互动进行了比较，并与在年龄相仿的正常儿童组中观察到的互动进行了对比。在无结构游戏和结构化任务情境中观察互动情况。多动症儿童的母亲在游戏过程中通常更具指导性且消极，对孩子发起的互动反应较少。多动症儿童会问更多问题，并且在游戏过程中通常更消极、更不服从，尤其是年龄较小的多动症儿童。多动症儿童在游戏中对母亲发起的行为的反应与正常儿童没有差异，但当母亲不互动时，他们进行的独立活动较少。在结构化任务情境中，多动症儿童的母亲更具指导性且消极，互动性和赞许性更低，即使她们的孩子互动得当。总体而言，将患有多动症的幼儿与其他三组进行比较时，母婴互动的组间差异最大，尤其是在结构化任务情境中。
