Shivasharma T Kedara, Sahu Rajulal, Thosare Mayur, Sarker Debalaya, Deshpande Uday, Sankapal Babasaheb R
Nano Materials and Device Laboratory, Department of Physics, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, South Ambazari Road, Nagpur, 440 010, M.S, India.
UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore, India.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 4;15(1):28406. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96426-4.
Recycling of the e-waste is a crucial concern to maintain healthy ecosystem as the technological advancement of electronic industries leads to the disposal of old electronic gadgets. The sustainable and green approaches to utilize these e-wastes in novel technologies is the prime requisite. Hence, present work aimed to use spent dry cell battery waste extracted MnO-C-ZnO (MCZ) composite as e-waste to design and develop prototype device grade solid-state pouch and coin cells supercapacitors. Structural, surface morphological, compositional and oxidation state analysis of extracted materials have been performed. To optimise the electrochemical properties, the extracted waste battery material coated on stainless steel have been used in three electrode configuration followed by fabrication of symmetric solid-state device embedded with PVA-NaClO gel electrolyte in dual assembly as prototype pouch (area 4 cm x 4.5 cm) and coin (diameter 16 mm) cells which delivered specific capacitance of 49.69 F g at 5 mV s and 7.93 F g at 25 mV s, respectively with remarkable potential window of 2 V along with energy density of 5.32 Wh kg (@ power density 231.48 W kg) and 0.44 Wh kg (@ power density of 291.67 W kg), respectively. Formed prototype device have been used to demonstrate practical applicability as TRL-3 through powering small fan, and 'VNIT' acronym LED panel. This work demonstrates the possibilities of converting waste battery material into liquid-free pouch and coin cell supercapacitor devices, resulting in sustainable and economic benefits.
电子垃圾的回收利用是维护健康生态系统的关键问题，因为电子行业的技术进步导致了旧电子设备的丢弃。在新技术中采用可持续和绿色的方法来利用这些电子垃圾是首要要求。因此，目前的工作旨在使用从废旧干电池中提取的MnO-C-ZnO（MCZ）复合材料作为电子垃圾，设计和开发原型设备级固态软包和硬币型超级电容器。已对提取材料进行了结构、表面形态、成分和氧化态分析。为了优化电化学性能，将涂覆在不锈钢上的提取废电池材料用于三电极配置，随后制造嵌入PVA-NaClO凝胶电解质的对称固态器件，以双组件形式制成原型软包（面积4 cm x 4.5 cm）和硬币型（直径16 mm）电池，其在5 mV s时的比电容为49.69 F g，在25 mV s时为7.93 F g，分别具有2 V的显著电位窗口以及能量密度分别为5.32 Wh kg（@功率密度231.48 W kg）和0.44 Wh kg（@功率密度291.67 W kg）。所形成的原型器件已被用于通过为小型风扇和“VNIT”首字母缩写的LED面板供电来证明其作为技术就绪水平3（TRL-3）的实际适用性。这项工作展示了将废电池材料转化为无液软包和硬币型电池超级电容器器件的可能性，从而带来可持续和经济效益。
