Schade Stefan, Thielgen Markus M
Department Education and Research, Brandenburg State Police University, Oranienburg, Germany.
Department Police, University of Applied Sciences for Police and Public Administration North Rhine-Westphalia, Aachen, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2025 Jul 18;16:1587452. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1587452. eCollection 2025.
Dealing with individuals suffering mental illness, being in psychological emergencies or crisis and any other exceptional circumstances is one of the most common professional requirements of police officers. Their personnel selection, education and advanced training must be consistently targeted toward successful coping with the real-world demands of police work. The question arises of what is necessary for police officers to be able to deal with individuals in psychological distress or exceptional situations without the use of force and the associated consequences on all those involved. In this article, we present a General Intervention Model of Policing (GIMP) consisting of three building blocks: (i) knowledge, (ii) processing, (iii) action. In this context, we propose that these empirically informed building blocks are necessary to achieve the aforementioned goal from the perspective of the police. We conceptualize the GIMP as a cognitive action model that particularly describes the mental processes of police officers involved. The model can be used as a basis for the development and empirical testing of a police requirement profile, as well as for the content of police recruitment and training. After presenting the building blocks of the model, it is placed in the context of other policing models and discussed.
应对患有精神疾病、处于心理紧急情况或危机以及任何其他特殊情况的人员，是警察最常见的专业要求之一。他们的人员选拔、教育和进阶培训必须始终以成功应对警察工作的现实需求为目标。问题在于，警察要能够在不使用武力以及不产生对所有相关人员的相关后果的情况下，应对处于心理困扰或特殊情况的人员，需要具备什么条件。在本文中，我们提出了一个警务通用干预模型（GIMP），它由三个组成部分：（i）知识，（ii）处理，（iii）行动。在此背景下，我们认为，从警察的角度来看，这些基于实证的组成部分对于实现上述目标是必要的。我们将GIMP概念化为一种认知行动模型，特别描述了相关警察的心理过程。该模型可作为制定和实证检验警察要求概况的基础，也可作为警察招募和培训内容的基础。在介绍了该模型的组成部分之后，将其置于其他警务模型的背景下进行讨论。
