Sung Yoo Dae, Cho Ho-Seong, Oh Yeonsu
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2025 Jul 28;2025:9889895. doi: 10.1155/tbed/9889895. eCollection 2025.
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating infectious disease caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), a member of the family, which primarily affects species within the Suidae family, including several African wild boars, such as the warthog (). ASFV is characterized by its robust double-stranded DNA genome and is transmitted through various transmission routes, including direct contact with infected pigs or fomites, ingestion of contaminated swill, and ticks from the genus. Upon entry, the virus induces cell apoptosis, systemic hemorrhage, and high fever, typically leading to a near 100% fatality rate among affected pigs, thereby causing substantial losses to global swine populations. Similar to ASF outbreaks in other countries, South Korea reported its initial ASF infections in domestic pig farms in September 2019, following an incursion in wild boar populations. Subsequently, the virus propagated southward, tracing the natural migratory paths of wild boars through forested and mountainous regions, and sporadically infecting nearby pig farms. In response, robust surveillance of wild boar populations has become crucial, as these efforts provide timely and essential information to stakeholders. Effective and prompt removal of ASF-infected carcasses is critical, as these carcasses can remain infectious for extended periods, thereby posing a continuous risk of secondary outbreaks. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns of ASF-infected wild boar carcasses, based on 41,192 wild boar samples collected through active and passive surveillance from September 2019 to March 2022. It examines how environmental conditions, such as forest density, regional humidity, and geographical terrain impact carcass decomposition rates and consequently, the detection timelines of ASF-infected wild boars. This research aims to pinpoint factors contributing to detection delays and refine strategies for early detection and rapid removal of contaminated carcasses, thereby enhancing control measures and mitigation efforts against ASF in affected regions.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）是一种由非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）引起的毁灭性传染病，ASFV属于该病毒科的一员，主要影响猪科动物，包括几种非洲野猪，如疣猪（）。ASFV的特征是其强大的双链DNA基因组，可通过多种传播途径传播，包括直接接触受感染的猪或污染物、摄入受污染的泔水以及来自该属的蜱虫。病毒进入后，会诱导细胞凋亡、全身性出血和高烧，通常导致受感染猪的死亡率接近100%，从而给全球猪群造成巨大损失。与其他国家的ASF疫情类似，韩国在野猪种群出现疫情后，于2019年9月报告了国内养猪场首次出现ASF感染病例。随后，病毒向南传播，沿着野猪在森林和山区的自然迁徙路径传播，并偶尔感染附近的养猪场。因此，对野猪种群进行强有力的监测至关重要，因为这些工作能为利益相关者提供及时且重要的信息。有效且迅速地清除感染ASF的尸体至关重要，因为这些尸体在很长一段时间内仍具传染性，从而持续构成二次疫情爆发的风险。本研究基于2019年9月至2022年3月通过主动和被动监测收集的41192份野猪样本，对感染ASF的野猪尸体的时空模式进行了全面分析。研究考察了森林密度、区域湿度和地理地形等环境条件如何影响尸体分解速度，进而影响感染ASF野猪的检测时间线。本研究旨在找出导致检测延迟的因素，并完善早期检测和快速清除受污染尸体的策略，从而加强受影响地区针对ASF的控制措施和缓解努力。
