Arbuckle T Y, Harsany M
Exp Aging Res. 1985 Autumn-Winter;11(3-4):175-7. doi: 10.1080/03610738508259183.
Age changes in memory discourse were examined under conditions where participants were asked to listen to a passage about a moral dilemma: (a) for later recall of main ideas and details (Intentional Recall); (b) to propose solutions for it (Incidental Recall), or (c) to do both (Dual Task). Sixty young (19-32 years) and 60 old (60-76 years) adults participated, 20 of each age in each condition. Older adults gave fewer verbatim responses but more inferences, elaborations and overgeneralizations, an outcome which contrasted with earlier findings that older adults cannot process implied meanings. Verbatim recall was lower with Dual Task than with Intentional Recall instructions, suggesting that doing two tasks required more processing capacity, but there were no age x condition interactions with any measure. The results were discussed in relation to possible age decrements in processing capacity and possible age differences in interpreting the recall instructions.
在要求参与者听一段关于道德困境的文章的条件下，研究了记忆话语中的年龄变化：(a) 以便稍后回忆主要观点和细节（有意回忆）；(b) 为其提出解决方案（附带回忆），或 (c) 两者都做（双重任务）。60名年轻人（19 - 32岁）和60名老年人（60 - 76岁）参与了研究，每个年龄段在每种条件下各有20人。老年人逐字逐句的回答较少，但推理、阐述和过度概括较多，这一结果与早期关于老年人无法处理隐含意义的研究结果形成对比。双重任务下的逐字回忆低于有意回忆指令下的情况，这表明同时做两项任务需要更多的处理能力，但在任何测量中都没有年龄×条件的交互作用。结合处理能力可能的年龄下降以及在解释回忆指令方面可能的年龄差异对结果进行了讨论。
