Arenberg D, Robertson-Tchabo E A
Exp Aging Res. 1985 Autumn-Winter;11(3-4):187-91. doi: 10.1080/03610738508259186.
In recent studies questioning whether linguistic integration of semantic information declines with age, the performance measures were based on recognition of related sentences in the Bransford/Franks paradigm; and the conclusions about age differences in linguistic integration were based on equivalent recognition performance of young and old adults. In the current study, the measure of linguistic integration was based on inference in a linear ordering task. Subjects were students at the University of Maryland - 34 between 18 and 23 years of age and 33 between 60 and 72. Recognition performance was equivalent for old and young groups, but linguistic integration was age related. Young subjects inferred the truth status of more sentences than did old subjects. These findings indicate that linguistic integration based on inference is age related and that equivalent recognition performance is not adequate evidence for equivalent linguistic integration. Furthermore, recent findings indicate that age deficits in making inferences using new information presented auditorily are due to deficits in memory for facts and in working memory. This study supports those findings and indicates that they can be generalized to information presented visually.
在最近一些对语义信息的语言整合是否会随着年龄增长而衰退提出质疑的研究中，性能测量是基于在布兰斯福德/弗兰克斯范式中对相关句子的识别；而关于语言整合中年龄差异的结论则是基于年轻人和老年人同等的识别表现。在当前的研究中，语言整合的测量是基于线性排序任务中的推理。受试者是马里兰大学的学生——34名年龄在18至23岁之间，33名年龄在60至72岁之间。老年组和年轻组的识别表现相当，但语言整合与年龄相关。年轻受试者推断出真实状态的句子比老年受试者更多。这些发现表明，基于推理的语言整合与年龄相关，而且同等的识别表现并不是语言整合相当的充分证据。此外，最近的研究结果表明，在利用听觉呈现的新信息进行推理时，年龄缺陷是由于对事实的记忆和工作记忆方面的缺陷。本研究支持了那些发现，并表明它们可以推广到视觉呈现的信息上。
