Sadri Hassan, Khordadmehr Monireh, Akbari Hamid, Shirazi Jafar, Jafari-Khataylou Yaser, Eskandari Saba, Mirarabshahi Bahareh Sadat, Abdolmaleki Ali
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 5;20(8):e0327768. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0327768. eCollection 2025.
Vitamin and mineral levels in sheep and goat herds experiencing abortions in East Azerbaijan, northwest Iran, were studied. Between November 2023 and February 2024, 373 blood samples and 62 samples from aborted fetuses in various cities were collected. To find out whether a lack of selenium and copper in mothers led to heart and brain problems in their fetuses. Sheep and goats were mainly raised in a semi-intensive system, grazing from spring to mid-autumn and keeping indoors during winter. Sheep and goat flocks were categorized by size: small (1-100 sheep), medium (101-300 sheep), and large (over 300 sheep). The data show significant deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, affecting animal health and reproduction. A notable lack of vitamin A was observed in Bostan Abad. Widespread vitamin D deficiency was noted, especially severe in Jolfa, suggesting diet inadequacies despite enough sunlight. A slight deficiency of vitamin E was found, alleviated through farmers' supplements helped some. Calcium and phosphorus deficiencies, particularly calcium, were also major concerns. Copper and zinc shortages were common across different cities. Aborted fetuses from copper-deficient mothers showed brain tissue damage, like Wallerian degeneration and neuronal necrosis. Severe iodine deficiency was observed in Marand and Khoda Afarin, risking thyroid and reproductive health and function. More than 87% of samples revealed significant selenium deficiency, indicating a need for supplementation. Pathological studies showed heart tissue damage in aborted fetuses from selenium-deficient mothers, including fragmentation, calcification, and necrosis. These results highlight the need for proper nutritional interventions and regular monitoring of vitamin and mineral levels to fix deficiencies. Proper nutrition in mothers is crucial for lowering abortion risks and fetal developmental issues. Our data highly recommend dietary changes and balanced vitamin and mineral supplements in the studied province, considering local factors such as soil quality, pasture, and crop residues.
对伊朗西北部东阿塞拜疆省出现流产情况的绵羊和山羊群中的维生素和矿物质水平进行了研究。在2023年11月至2024年2月期间，收集了来自不同城市的373份血液样本和62份流产胎儿样本。以查明母体中硒和铜的缺乏是否会导致胎儿出现心脏和脑部问题。绵羊和山羊主要采用半集约化养殖系统，春季至中秋季节放牧，冬季圈养在室内。绵羊和山羊群按规模分类：小型（1 - 100只绵羊）、中型（101 - 300只绵羊）和大型（超过300只绵羊）。数据显示必需维生素和矿物质存在显著缺乏，影响动物健康和繁殖。在博斯坦阿巴德观察到维生素A明显缺乏。发现普遍存在维生素D缺乏，在焦勒法尤为严重，这表明尽管阳光充足，但饮食仍不充足。发现维生素E略有缺乏，农民补充剂在一定程度上有所缓解。钙和磷缺乏，尤其是钙缺乏，也是主要问题。不同城市普遍存在铜和锌短缺。来自缺铜母体的流产胎儿显示出脑组织损伤，如华勒氏变性和神经元坏死。在马兰德和霍达阿法林观察到严重碘缺乏，危及甲状腺及生殖健康和功能。超过87%的样本显示显著硒缺乏，表明需要进行补充。病理研究显示，来自缺硒母体的流产胎儿心脏组织受损，包括碎裂、钙化和坏死。这些结果凸显了采取适当营养干预措施以及定期监测维生素和矿物质水平以纠正缺乏情况的必要性。母体营养适当对于降低流产风险和胎儿发育问题至关重要。考虑到土壤质量、牧场和作物残渣等当地因素，我们的数据强烈建议在所研究的省份改变饮食并补充均衡的维生素和矿物质。
