Baraie Bahman, Nadrian Haidar, Rezaei Mehdi, Safaiyan Abdolrasoul, Matlabi Hossein
Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 5;15(1):28501. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13702-z.
Child marriage (CM) is prevalent in Iran. Family members are most commonly the final decision-makers to accept a marriage proposal, often without girls' involvement. Valid and reliable instruments are needed to assess the contributing factors of CM. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the Child Marriage Cognitive Determinants Questionnaire (CMCDQ). An exploratory sequential mixed methods research design was conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Sanandaj, Iran. The CMCDQ was developed through a qualitative survey of 41 parents, men and women with a history of CM, and experts and a literature review. Then, its primary face, content, construct validity, and reliability were assessed. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the data obtained from 500 parents. The primary CMCDQ had 83 items. In face and content validity assessments, 31 items were deleted because their item impact scores were less than 1.5 (n = 3), content validity ratios were less than 0.59 (n = 23), and content validity indices were less than 0.79 (n = 5). Seven items were revised because their content validity indices were 0.7-0.79. In exploratory factor analysis, six items were deleted because their factor loading values were less than 0.3 and the remaining 46 items were loaded on eight factors, namely cultural perception, parenting skills, attitude, situational influences, subjective norms, factual beliefs, neutralization, and personal normative beliefs. These factors explained 56.55% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the good fitting of the eight-factor model (CMIN/DF = 1.039, PCFI = 0.938, PNFI = 0.964, NFI = 0.945, IFI = 0.963, CFI = 0.995, RFI = 0.949, GFI = 0.961, AGFI = 0.952 and RMSEA = 0.013). The Cronbach's alpha values and the intraclass correlation coefficients of CMCDQ subscales were 0.7-0.8 and 0.8-0.9, respectively. CMCDQ is a valid and reliable instrument and can be used to assess the parental cognitive determinants of CM and develop effective strategies to minimize CM.
童婚现象在伊朗很普遍。家庭成员通常是接受求婚的最终决策者，女孩往往并未参与其中。需要有效且可靠的工具来评估童婚的影响因素。本研究旨在开发和评估童婚认知决定因素问卷（CMCDQ）。2021年至2022年在伊朗的萨南达季采用了探索性序列混合方法研究设计。通过对41位有童婚经历的父母、男性和女性以及专家进行定性调查并结合文献综述，开发出了CMCDQ。随后，对其表面效度、内容效度、结构效度和信度进行了评估。通过对从500位父母那里获得的数据进行探索性和验证性因素分析来评估结构效度。最初的CMCDQ有83个项目。在表面效度和内容效度评估中，删除了31个项目，因为它们的项目影响得分低于1.5（n = 3）、内容效度比率低于0.59（n = 23）以及内容效度指数低于0.79（n = 5）。7个项目进行了修订，因为它们的内容效度指数为0.7 - 0.79。在探索性因素分析中，删除了6个项目，因为它们的因素负荷值低于0.3，其余46个项目加载到8个因素上，即文化认知、育儿技能、态度、情境影响、主观规范、事实信念、中和作用和个人规范信念。这些因素解释了总方差的56.55%。验证性因素分析证实了八因素模型的良好拟合（CMIN/DF = 1.039，PCFI = 0.938，PNFI = 0.964，NFI = 0.945，IFI = 0.963，CFI = 0.995，RFI = 0.949，GFI = 0.961，AGFI = 0.952，RMSEA = 0.013）。CMCDQ分量表的克朗巴哈系数值和组内相关系数分别为0.7 - 0.8和0.8 - 0.9。CMCDQ是一种有效且可靠地工具，可用于评估父母对童婚的认知决定因素，并制定有效策略以尽量减少童婚现象。
