Cockell Scarlet, Bakulski Kelly M, Tsai Ai-Lin, Liu Yike, Goodrich Amanda J, Okorie Chinomnso, Alexeeff Stacey, Whitmer Rachel A, Gilsanz Paola, Conlon Kathryn C
medRxiv. 2025 Jul 28:2025.07.27.25332267. doi: 10.1101/2025.07.27.25332267.
While lead exposure is associated with poorer cognitive performance in children, the association with late life cognition in diverse cohorts is unknown.
In two adult cohorts (Kaiser Health Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE, n=1,638), Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR, n=741)), we assessed residential proximity to lead releasing facilities, measured through the Toxics Release Inventory, for associations with domain-specific cognition, measured using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales, two years later. Linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity (KHANDLE only), income, education, marital status, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. We meta-analyzed across cohorts.
The average age at cognitive test was 76.1 years (KHANDLE) and 68.8 years (STAR) and the average distance between residence and lead releasing facility was 8.2 km (KHANDLE) and 3.6 km (STAR). In meta-analysis, for every 5 km closer a residential address was located to a lead releasing facility we observed -0.05 standard deviation lower verbal episodic memory (95% CI: -0.08, -0.02). Living within a 3 km buffer of a lead releasing facility was associated with -0.10 lower semantic memory (95% CI: -0.18, -0.02) and -0.08 lower global cognition (95% CI: -0.14, -0.02).
Residential proximity to a lead releasing facility was associated with poorer cognition two years later among adults in two cohorts. Comprehensive understanding of environmental factors is critical for dementia prevention.
虽然铅暴露与儿童较差的认知表现有关，但在不同队列中，其与晚年认知的关联尚不清楚。
在两个成年队列（凯撒健康老龄化与多样化生活经历研究（KHANDLE，n = 1638）、非裔美国人健康老龄化研究（STAR，n = 741））中，我们通过有毒物质排放清单评估了住宅与铅排放设施的距离，以研究其与两年后使用西班牙语和英语神经心理学评估量表测量的特定领域认知之间的关联。线性回归模型对年龄、性别、种族/族裔（仅KHANDLE）、收入、教育程度、婚姻状况、吸烟状况和饮酒量进行了调整。我们对各队列进行了荟萃分析。
认知测试的平均年龄在KHANDLE队列中为76.1岁，在STAR队列中为68.8岁，住宅与铅排放设施之间的平均距离在KHANDLE队列中为8.2公里，在STAR队列中为3.6公里。在荟萃分析中，住宅地址距离铅排放设施每近5公里，我们观察到言语情景记忆降低0.05个标准差（95%置信区间：-0.08，-0.02）。居住在铅排放设施3公里缓冲区内与语义记忆降低0.10（95%置信区间：-0.18，-0.02）和整体认知降低0.08（95%置信区间：-0.14，-0.02）相关。
在两个队列的成年人中，住宅靠近铅排放设施与两年后较差的认知有关。全面了解环境因素对预防痴呆症至关重要。
