Díaz-Mendoza Claudia, Mouthon-Bello Javier, Botero Camilo M, Villegas Juan Valdelamar, Gutiérrez Leonardo
Universidad Tecnologica de Bolívar, Cartagena, Colombia.
Faculty of Engineering of the University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Jul;32(33):19712-19724. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36752-2. Epub 2025 Aug 6.
Cigarette butts (CBs) are among the most common types of litter found in coastal environments, including beach sand. They are considered hazardous waste due to their significant toxicity and the potential threats they pose to both ecosystems and public health. This study examines historical CB density data collected from Bocagrande Beach, Colombia, across two distinct periods: 2011-2015 and 2021-2022. It includes an assessment of variations in key pollution indexes, the Plastic Abundance Index (PAI), Clean Coast Index (CCI), Cigarette Butt Abundance Index (CBAI), and Cigarette Butts Pollution Index (CBPI). The methodology used visual identification surveys and the systematic collection of CBs and cigarette butt fibers (CBFs) within 500-m transects. A key finding of this research was the average solid waste density between 2011 and 2015 of 0.63 items/m, with CBs being the most prevalent at 0.19 items/m. Remarkably, an average of 0.6 CBs/m was observed in the 2021-2022 period, demonstrating an increasing trend in cigarette butt pollution. The CBPI values ranged from 2.28 to 31.16, classifying the beach from polluted to severely polluted conditions.
烟头是沿海环境（包括沙滩）中最常见的垃圾类型之一。由于其具有显著的毒性以及对生态系统和公众健康构成的潜在威胁，它们被视为危险废物。本研究考察了从哥伦比亚博卡格兰德海滩收集的两个不同时期（2011 - 2015年和2021 - 2022年）的历史烟头密度数据。它包括对关键污染指数的变化评估，即塑料丰度指数（PAI）、清洁海岸指数（CCI）、烟头丰度指数（CBAI）和烟头污染指数（CBPI）。该方法采用了目视识别调查以及在500米样带内系统收集烟头和烟头纤维（CBF）。这项研究的一个关键发现是，2011年至2015年期间的平均固体废物密度为0.63件/米，其中烟头最为普遍，为0.19件/米。值得注意的是，在2021 - 2022年期间观察到平均每米有0.6个烟头，表明烟头污染呈上升趋势。CBPI值在2.28至31.16之间，将该海滩的污染程度从污染分类为严重污染。
