Padilla-López Jannett, Salinas-Rodríguez Aaron, Prado-Aguilar Carlos A, Astudillo-García Claudia I, Torres-Duque Laura, Moran Segundo, Vilchis-Gil Jenny, Duque Ximena
Family Medicine Unit No. 1, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
Student of the "Master´s and Doctorate Program in Medical, Dental and Health Sciences" Field of knowledge in Epidemiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
Health Psychol Behav Med. 2025 Aug 4;13(1):2542194. doi: 10.1080/21642850.2025.2542194. eCollection 2025.
The prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases is high among Mexican adults. Adherence to healthy lifestyles, such as regular exercise, is essential for managing these diseases and preventing their complications. However, 60% of Mexican adults living in urban areas are not active. This study aimed to identify the association between psychosocial factors and adherence to exercise recommendations among Mexican adults receiving primary healthcare services.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 406 adults aged 20-64 years. The dependent variable was adherence to exercise recommendations for the adult population. Participants were classified into three categories - Active, Insufficiently Active, and Inactive - based on the metabolic equivalents per week expended on exercise. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess physical activity. The metabolic equivalents per week spent on leisure-time exercise were calculated. The psychosocial variables from the Transtheoretical Model included stages of readiness for change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance, and sociodemographic and health factors were also considered. In the statistical analysis, ordered logistic regression was used.
Associations were identified between stages of readiness for change and self-efficacy with exercise adherence categories. The multivariate analysis revealed that for each one-point increase on the self-efficacy scale, the likelihood of being in the Active category increased by 2.4%, while the likelihood of being in the Inactive category decreased. Males, compared to females, and adults aged 20-31 years, compared to those aged 32-64 years, were more likely to be in the Insufficiently Active and Active categories.
Psychosocial factors such as stages of readiness for change and self-efficacy were associated with meeting the recommendation for exercise; these factors could be incorporated into the design and development of exercise promotion strategies for Mexican adults using primary healthcare services.
慢性非传染性疾病在墨西哥成年人中患病率很高。坚持健康的生活方式，如定期锻炼，对于控制这些疾病及其并发症至关重要。然而，居住在城市地区的60%的墨西哥成年人缺乏运动。本研究旨在确定接受初级医疗服务的墨西哥成年人中社会心理因素与坚持运动建议之间的关联。
对406名20 - 64岁的成年人进行了一项横断面研究。因变量是成年人群对运动建议的坚持情况。根据每周运动消耗的代谢当量，参与者被分为三类——活跃、运动不足和不活跃。使用全球体力活动问卷评估体力活动。计算每周用于休闲运动的代谢当量。来自跨理论模型的社会心理变量包括改变的准备阶段、自我效能感和决策平衡，同时也考虑了社会人口统计学和健康因素。在统计分析中，使用了有序逻辑回归。
确定了改变的准备阶段和自我效能感与运动坚持类别之间的关联。多变量分析显示，自我效能感量表每增加一分，处于活跃类别的可能性增加2.4%，而处于不活跃类别的可能性降低。与女性相比，男性以及与32 - 64岁的成年人相比，20 - 31岁的成年人更有可能处于运动不足和活跃类别。
诸如改变的准备阶段和自我效能感等社会心理因素与达到运动建议有关；这些因素可纳入针对使用初级医疗服务的墨西哥成年人的运动促进策略的设计和开发中。
