Impact of the Adjunctive Use of Omega-3 in Periodontitis Patients With Diabetes on Local and Systemic Chemerin Levels: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The present study aspired to evaluate the impact of the adjunctive use of omega-3 with nonsurgical periodontal therapy on clinical parameters as well as local and systemic chemerin levels as a marker of cardiovascular disease risk in periodontitis patients with diabetes. This randomized clinical trial was performed on thirty periodontitis patients with type II diabetes divided into two equal groups, both treated by nonsurgical periodontal treatment with the adjunctive use of daily 1000 mg Omega-3FAs in group I only for 6 months. Patients were reexamined after 2 weeks (baseline), 3, and 6 months for recording the clinical parameters as follows: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Chemerin levels were assessed in both serum and GCF samples, HbA1c levels were also assessed. Omega-3FAs-treated group recorded a more statistically significant improvement in clinical parameters compared to the control group, particularly concerning PD and CAL. A statistically significant reduction of HbA1c levels between baseline, 3 and 6 m values was encountered in Omega-3FAs treated group, while no significant difference was evident in the control group. Additionally, Omega-3FAs treated group recorded a more statistically significant reduction of GCF and serum chemerin levels in comparison to the control group after 6 months of therapy. The adjunctive use of omega-3FAs with nonsurgical periodontal therapy has resulted in significant improvement of clinical periodontal parameters and glycemic control in periodontitis patients with type II diabetes, alongside the additional benefit of reducing both local and systemic chemerin levels, a biomarker for cardiovascular risk. Clinical Trial Registry identifier: NCT06463535.