Li Jiahui, Fan Limei, Nan Yu, Wang Min, Yang Shuli
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, People's Republic of China.
J Inflamm Res. 2025 Aug 2;18:10355-10373. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S524425. eCollection 2025.
As an inevitable end of an organism, cell death plays a crucial role in human metabolism. In recent years, inappropriate cell death, such as cellular apoptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, has been shown to be involved in a variety of metabolic diseases. The placenta is an extremely important endocrine organ during pregnancy, which significantly influences fetal health by providing material exchange. Cell death has been found to be associated with several placenta-associated diseases, including gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and others. Inflammation is closely linked to the direct involvement of pyroptosis and the indirect involvement of apoptosis, and the inflammatory response in the placenta is thought to be an important factor contributing to insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the iron requirements of this particular group of pregnant women are bound to be undiminished, yet a range of adverse outcomes can occur with iron overload. This review aims to elucidate the effects of three common and important forms of cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, in various physiological and pathological contexts. This will enable a better understanding of their potential relevance to gestational diabetes mellitus, which will in turn facilitate further cytomolecular studies and clinical applications.
作为生物体不可避免的归宿，细胞死亡在人体新陈代谢中起着关键作用。近年来，不适当的细胞死亡，如细胞凋亡、焦亡和铁死亡，已被证明与多种代谢性疾病有关。胎盘是孕期极为重要的内分泌器官，通过进行物质交换对胎儿健康有重大影响。已发现细胞死亡与多种胎盘相关疾病有关，包括妊娠期糖尿病、子痫前期等。炎症与焦亡的直接参与以及凋亡的间接参与密切相关，胎盘的炎症反应被认为是妊娠期糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的一个重要促成因素。此外，这一特定孕妇群体对铁的需求必然不会减少，但铁过载会导致一系列不良后果。本综述旨在阐明细胞凋亡、焦亡和铁死亡这三种常见且重要的细胞死亡形式在各种生理和病理情况下的作用。这将有助于更好地理解它们与妊娠期糖尿病的潜在相关性，进而推动进一步的细胞分子研究和临床应用。
