Yadav Abhishek Kumar, Yadav Sandeep Kumar, Kumar G N, Madav Vasudeva, Dutta Saikat
Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal Mangalore-575025 India
Mechanical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal Mangalore-575025 India.
RSC Adv. 2025 Aug 6;15(34):27933-27940. doi: 10.1039/d5ra04020e. eCollection 2025 Aug 1.
Furanic fuel oxygenates, renewably produced from biomass, have received significant interest in lessening dependence on petroleum-derived liquid fuels and reducing emissions. 5-(Tolylmethyl)furfural (TMF) was prepared by the Friedel-Crafts reaction between cellulose-derived 5-(acetoxymethyl)furfural (AcMF) and petroleum-derived toluene. The process was optimized on various parameters, such as reaction temperature, molar ratio of reagents, catalyst loading, and duration. Anhydrous ZnCl was the best catalyst for the reaction, affording a 67% isolated yield of TMF under optimized conditions (120 °C, 4 h). TMF was prepared on a 30 g scale and blended (1-5 vol%) with diesel. The physicochemical properties of the TMF-diesel blended fuel mixtures were studied, and then they were employed as fuel for a direct injection single-cylinder diesel engine. The results show good fuel properties and reduced emissions compared to unblended diesel fuel.
由生物质可再生生产的呋喃类燃料含氧化合物，在减轻对石油衍生液体燃料的依赖和减少排放方面受到了广泛关注。5-(甲苯基甲基)糠醛(TMF)是通过纤维素衍生的5-(乙酰氧基甲基)糠醛(AcMF)与石油衍生的甲苯之间的傅克反应制备的。该工艺在反应温度、试剂摩尔比、催化剂负载量和反应时间等各种参数上进行了优化。无水ZnCl是该反应的最佳催化剂，在优化条件(120°C，4小时)下，TMF的分离产率为67%。以30 g规模制备了TMF，并将其与柴油混合(1-5体积%)。研究了TMF-柴油混合燃料混合物的物理化学性质，然后将其用作直喷单缸柴油发动机的燃料。结果表明，与未混合的柴油燃料相比，该混合燃料具有良好的燃料性能和更低的排放。
