Cooper Dale J, Sim Julius
School of Allied Health Professions and Pharmacy, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
Sports Med Open. 2025 Aug 7;11(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s40798-025-00897-8.
Currently, there is a paucity of long-term health data for retired athletes. This study describes the prevalence of common morbidities and multimorbidity among retired Great Britain's (GB) Olympic athletes, compared to a general population comparator group.
A cross-sectional study of retired athletes was undertaken. The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) served as the reference population. Age- and sex-standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) and odd ratios (ORs) determined where morbidity and multimorbidity prevalence amongst retired athletes exceeded or were inferior to those of the reference population.
Retired athletes (n = 493) were less likely (SMR < 1) than controls (n = 8024) to report diabetes (0.43, 99% CI 0.22, 0.74), stroke (0.39, 99% CI 0.12, 0.90), obesity (0.35, 99% CI 0.23, 0.50), asthma (0.29, 99% CI 0.12, 0.59), lung disease (0.29, 99% CI 0.06, 0.81), angina (0.18, 99% CI 0.05, 0.46), and eye disorders (0.06, 99% CI 0.01, 0.18). In addition, abnormal heart rhythm (0.45, 99% CI 0.40, 0.54) and osteoporosis (0.46, 99% CI 0.42, 0.51) were lower in female athletes. Retired athletes were more likely (SMR > 1) than controls to report melanoma or other skin cancer (5.64, 99% CI 2.80, 10.06) and osteoarthritis (1.44, 99% CI 1.18, 1.75). There were no differences detected in cancers of the breast, prostate, colon, bowel or bladder. Multimorbidity was less prevalent among retired athletes (OR 0.50, 99% CI 0.38, 0.67).
Retired athletes had superior cardiovascular health and a lower risk of multimorbidity, but were more at risk of melanoma or other skin cancer and osteoarthritis.
目前，退休运动员的长期健康数据匮乏。本研究描述了英国退休奥运运动员中常见疾病和多种疾病并存的患病率，并与普通人群对照组进行了比较。
对退休运动员进行了一项横断面研究。英国老龄化纵向研究（ELSA）作为参考人群。年龄和性别标准化发病率比（SMR）和比值比（OR）用于确定退休运动员中疾病和多种疾病并存的患病率高于或低于参考人群的情况。
退休运动员（n = 493）报告患糖尿病（0.43，99%可信区间0.22，0.74）、中风（0.39，99%可信区间0.12，0.90）、肥胖（0.35，99%可信区间0.23，0.50）、哮喘（0.29，99%可信区间0.12，0.59）、肺部疾病（0.29，99%可信区间0.06，0.81）、心绞痛（0.18，99%可信区间0.05，0.46）和眼部疾病（0.06，99%可信区间0.01，0.18）的可能性低于对照组（n = 8024）。此外，女运动员的心律失常异常（0.45，99%可信区间0.40，0.54）和骨质疏松症（0.46，99%可信区间0.42，0.51）较低。退休运动员报告患黑色素瘤或其他皮肤癌（5.64，99%可信区间2.80，10.06）和骨关节炎（1.44，99%可信区间1.18，1.75）的可能性高于对照组。在乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌、肠癌或膀胱癌方面未发现差异。退休运动员中多种疾病并存的情况较少见（OR 0.50，99%可信区间0.38，0.67）。
退休运动员心血管健康状况较好，多种疾病并存的风险较低，但患黑色素瘤或其他皮肤癌以及骨关节炎的风险较高。
