Dai Gaole, Qu Teng, Lei Min, Li Zhuo, Yang Fubao, Zhang Ziwei, Wang Yuanyuan, Xie Huaqing, Huang Jiping, Wang Jun
School of Physical Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Aug 12;122(32):e2511708122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2511708122. Epub 2025 Aug 7.
Diffusion in physical, chemical, and biological systems often occurs under transient conditions and involves coupling across multiple physical fields, challenging conventional control methods limited to steady-state, single-field settings. Here, we present a general geometric framework for regulating diffusion in time-dependent and multiphysics-coupled environments based on pseudoconformal mapping. This method preserves material isotropy and ensures smooth interface matching, enabling robust and flexible modulation of diffusion governed by Fick's second law and beyond. We apply this framework to radiative-conductive, advective-conductive, and thermoelectric systems, achieving precise spatial and temporal control of temperature, flux, and voltage distributions. The proposed strategy is validated through simulations and experiments, demonstrating its broad applicability and scalability. Our findings provide a geometry-driven paradigm to programmable diffusion control, with potential impact across thermal management, energy conversion, and biomedical transport systems.
在物理、化学和生物系统中，扩散通常发生在瞬态条件下，并且涉及多个物理场之间的耦合，这对限于稳态、单场设置的传统控制方法提出了挑战。在此，我们基于伪共形映射提出了一个用于在随时间变化且多物理场耦合的环境中调节扩散的通用几何框架。该方法保持材料各向同性，并确保界面匹配平滑，从而能够对由菲克第二定律及其他定律支配的扩散进行稳健且灵活的调制。我们将此框架应用于辐射传导、对流传导和热电系统，实现了对温度、通量和电压分布的精确时空控制。所提出的策略通过模拟和实验得到验证，证明了其广泛的适用性和可扩展性。我们的研究结果为可编程扩散控制提供了一种几何驱动范式，对热管理、能量转换和生物医学传输系统具有潜在影响。
