Bakkar May M, Aridi Mona, Alebrahim Mohammad A, Ghach Wissam
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
University of Angers, LARIS, SFR MATHSTIC, F-49000 Angers, 62 avenue Notre Dame du Lac, Angers, France.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 7;20(8):e0328235. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0328235. eCollection 2025.
To estimate the incidence of dry eye (DE) symptoms among university students in Jordan and to examine the relationship between behavioral and cultural risk factors and DE symptom severity.
A cross-sectional study involving 788 university students was conducted in Jordan. Participants' mean age was 21.87 years (SD = 3.824; range: 18-45 years). The incidence and severity of DE symptom were assessed using the validated Arabic version of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (ARB-OSDI) questionnaire, administered through Google Forms. The survey included demographic questions and behavioral-cultural risk factors (smoking and eye cosmetic use). One-Way ANOVA and multi-regression analyses were used to investigate the association between OSDI mean scores and behavioral-cultural risk factors.
The incidence of DE symptoms, defined as an OSDI score ≥ 13, was 74.2% among university students. Higher DE symptom severity was statistically associated with females' gender (p < 0.001), older age (≥27 years) (p = 0.032), contact lens use (p = 0.001), frequent use of eye cosmetics (p < 0.001), and a history of DED (p < 0.001). Smoking habits, including the use of Dokha or Ajami, smoking in enclosed spaces, and daily smoking, were also associated with increased DE symptom severity (all p < 0.001). Contributing factors to the high incidence and severity of DE symptom included long-term use of eye cosmetics (particularly mascara and internal eyeliner) and sleeping while wearing contact lenses.
Dry eye symptoms are highly prevalent among university students in Jordan and are significantly associated with factors such as age, gender, contact lens use, cosmetic application, and tobacco consumption.
评估约旦大学生干眼（DE）症状的发生率，并研究行为和文化风险因素与DE症状严重程度之间的关系。
在约旦对788名大学生进行了一项横断面研究。参与者的平均年龄为21.87岁（标准差=3.824；范围：18-45岁）。使用经过验证的阿拉伯语版眼表疾病指数（ARB-OSDI）问卷，通过谷歌表单进行评估，以确定DE症状的发生率和严重程度。该调查包括人口统计学问题以及行为文化风险因素（吸烟和眼部化妆品使用情况）。采用单因素方差分析和多元回归分析来研究OSDI平均得分与行为文化风险因素之间的关联。
以OSDI得分≥13定义的DE症状发生率在大学生中为74.2%。较高的DE症状严重程度在统计学上与女性性别（p<0.001）、年龄较大（≥27岁）（p=0.032）、使用隐形眼镜（p=0.001）、频繁使用眼部化妆品（p<0.001）以及干眼病史（p<0.001）相关。吸烟习惯，包括使用多哈或阿贾米、在封闭空间吸烟以及每日吸烟，也与DE症状严重程度增加有关（所有p<0.001）。DE症状高发生率和严重程度的促成因素包括长期使用眼部化妆品（尤其是睫毛膏和内眼线笔）以及戴着隐形眼镜睡觉。
干眼症状在约旦大学生中非常普遍，并且与年龄、性别、隐形眼镜使用、化妆品使用和烟草消费等因素显著相关。
