Herate Cécile, Ferrier-Rembert Audrey, Relouzat Francis, Gallouët Anne-Sophie, Pascal Quentin, Letscher Hélène, Cavarelli Mariangela, Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie, Gros Wesley, Delache Benoit, Langlois Sébastien, Timera Hawa, Jarjaval Fanny, Bossevot Laetitia, Ludot Camille, Brua Catherine, Lechemia Maxence, Ferraris Olivier, Silvestre Nathalie, Le Grand Roger, Tournier Jean-Nicolas
Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Viral Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Paris, France.
Microbiology and infectious diseases department, Institut de recherche biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge Cedex, France.
Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 7;16(1):7306. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-62681-2.
The monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak of 2022 caused a human disease with unusual epidemiological and clinical features, notably an increase in human-to-human transmission through sexual contact, predominantly among men who have sex with men (MSM). This evolution underscores the need to reassess prevention and control strategies in the context of a sexually transmitted disease. Here, we show that rectal challenge of male cynomolgus macaques with a 2022 clade IIb MPXV isolate mimics sexual transmission, leading to rectal infection, with systemic and male genital tract dissemination and seminal fluid shedding. Vaccination with modified-vaccinia Ankara (MVA) protected the macaques from subsequent rectal MPXV challenge. However, MVA failed to prevent the disease when administered four days post-exposure to MPXV. These findings have a critical impact on outbreak management and highlight the importance of reevaluating MVA post-exposure prophylaxis protocols.
2022年猴痘病毒（MPXV）疫情引发了一种具有异常流行病学和临床特征的人类疾病，尤其是通过性接触导致的人际传播有所增加，主要发生在男男性行为者（MSM）中。这种演变凸显了在性传播疾病背景下重新评估预防和控制策略的必要性。在此，我们表明，用2022年IIb分支MPXV分离株对雄性食蟹猴进行直肠攻击模拟了性传播，导致直肠感染，并伴有全身和男性生殖道扩散以及精液排出。用安卡拉痘苗病毒（MVA）疫苗接种可保护猕猴免受后续直肠MPXV攻击。然而，在接触MPXV四天后给予MVA未能预防疾病。这些发现对疫情管理具有关键影响，并突出了重新评估MVA暴露后预防方案的重要性。
