Davies L, Holdsworth M D
Hum Nutr Appl Nutr. 1985 Oct;39(5):315-32.
A total of 113 subjects participated in a detailed nutritional and health surveys shortly before their retirement from work. Data were collected using: 7-day weighed dietary intakes; interview questionnaires including topics such as smoking, activity, stress-related factors, health history of subject and family, detailed consumption of alcohol; frequency of consumption of specific foods and drinks. Health screening included routine biochemical and haematological analyses and assessment of nutritional status. Mean nutrient intakes met the United Kingdom RDA although ranges were wide. Mean energy intakes for women (1730 kcal +/- 400 s.d.) were below the RDA of 1900 kcal; men met the RDA of 2400 kcal. Energy consumption was highest in the third period of the day (after 14.30 hours). The distribution of energy from protein, fat, carbohydrate and alcohol was 16, 42, 39 and 3 per cent respectively. The main food sources of nutrients are reported. A mean Quetelet index of 24.7 +/- 3.4 was found in women and 25.7 +/- 3.2 in men. Blood analysis indicated that a small proportion of the sample were outside expected ranges; this was most marked for aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) where skewed distributions distorted the standard deviations. Prescribed medication was taken by 50 per cent of the sample; 33 per cent of the sample were cigarette smokers, 40 per cent had given up smoking, 27 per cent had never smoked cigarettes. Duplicate resting blood pressure readings showed a prevalence of hypertension. The data indicate areas of concern which should be dealt with at or before this stage of retirement from work.
共有113名受试者在即将退休前不久参加了一项详细的营养与健康调查。数据收集采用以下方式：7天称重膳食摄入量；访谈问卷，内容包括吸烟、活动、压力相关因素、受试者及其家族的健康史、酒精详细摄入量；特定食物和饮料的消费频率。健康筛查包括常规生化和血液学分析以及营养状况评估。尽管摄入量范围较宽，但平均营养素摄入量符合英国推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）。女性的平均能量摄入量（1730千卡±400标准差）低于1900千卡的RDA；男性达到了2400千卡的RDA。一天中能量消耗在第三个时间段（14:30之后）最高。蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和酒精的能量分布分别为16%、42%、39%和3%。报告了营养素的主要食物来源。女性的平均体重指数（Quetelet index）为24.7±3.4，男性为25.7±3.2。血液分析表明，一小部分样本超出了预期范围；天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和γ-谷氨酰转移酶（γ-GT）最为明显，其分布偏态使标准差失真。50%的样本服用了处方药；33%的样本吸烟，40%的样本已戒烟，27%的样本从不吸烟。重复测量的静息血压读数显示高血压患病率较高。这些数据表明了在退休前或退休阶段就应处理的关注领域。
