Aso Ola Prajab, Mustari Abdul Haris, Prasetyo Lilik Budi
Tropical Biodiversity Conservation Study Program, Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Graduate School, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia Tropical Biodiversity Conservation Study Program, Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Graduate School, IPB University Bogor Indonesia.
Biodivers Data J. 2025 Jul 30;13:e153431. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.13.e153431. eCollection 2025.
Anoa ( spp.) are an endemic species that inhabits the forests of Sulawesi, but are threatened with extinction due to hunting and habitat destruction. Despite these pressures, they temporally adapt to fragmented lowland forests near rivers with food availability. In the Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserve, an isolated habitat patch, we used MaxEnt modelling to assess environmental factors influencing their distribution in support of a comprehensive species conservation programme. We used 233 anoa presence data points from footprints, faeces, food remnants, horn rubbing marks, wallowing areas and shelter locations during field surveys and 13 environmental variables. The MaxEnt model showed excellent performance (AUC 0.923), fruit-feeding trees presence contributing most (41.1%), followed by distance to the road, perimeter metrics, distance to the river, elevation and large patch index metrics. The results show that 1,239.8 ha (3.2%) of the study area is suitable for anoa as primary habitat, 3,045.1 ha (7.8%) is moderately suitable as secondary habitat and 6,609.8 ha (17.0%) is unsuitable out of the total 38,937 ha study area, while the remaining 28,042.3 (72.0%) is undefined due to lack of occurrence data. The anoa distribution map shows that the edge of the area can still provide for the ecological needs of the anoa, highlighting the need for patrols, community education and further surveys of identified and undefined areas.
倭水牛（指名亚种）是一种栖息在苏拉威西岛森林的特有物种，但由于捕猎和栖息地破坏而面临灭绝威胁。尽管面临这些压力，它们会根据食物供应情况暂时适应河流附近破碎化的低地森林。在丹戎佩罗帕野生动物保护区这个孤立的栖息地斑块中，我们使用最大熵模型来评估影响其分布的环境因素，以支持全面的物种保护计划。我们在实地调查中使用了233个来自足迹、粪便、食物残渣、角擦痕、泥潭和庇护所位置的倭水牛出现数据点，以及13个环境变量。最大熵模型表现出色（AUC为0.923），其中结果表明，在总面积为38937公顷的研究区域中，1239.8公顷（3.2%）适合倭水牛作为主要栖息地，3045.1公顷（7.8%）作为次要栖息地较为适宜，6609.8公顷（17.0%）不适合，而其余28042.3公顷（72.0%）由于缺乏出现数据而无法确定。倭水牛分布图显示，该区域边缘仍能满足倭水牛的生态需求，这突出了巡逻、社区教育以及对已确定和未确定区域进行进一步调查的必要性。
