Nanomedicine has emerged as a prominent field with significant potential to transform the future of medicine, thereby attracting considerable attention from researchers worldwide. In various studies, nanoparticles with high potential as delivery systems have been used in combination with probiotics, microorganisms that have beneficial health effects when consumed in sufficient doses, in treating inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Nanoparticles are synthesized by various methods, including biological, physical, and chemical, and depending on their size and structure, they produce different effects on the digestive system when combined with probiotics. The study demonstrates that combining various nanoparticles with specific probiotics can effectively modulate intestinal microbiota, reduce inflammation, enhance mucosal barrier function, and boost antioxidant activity, thereby aiding in the treatment of inflammatory digestive diseases. So, future research should further investigate the long-term safety, optimal dosing, and mechanisms of action of these nanoparticle-probiotic combinations in clinical settings to maximize therapeutic benefits.