Liu Jianglong, Liu Yunpeng, Zhao Shunzheng, Chen Baotong, Mo Guang, Chen Zhongjun, Wei Yuechang, Wu Zhonghua
College of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, People's Republic of China.
Multi-Discipline Research Center, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
Nanomicro Lett. 2025 Aug 8;18(1):26. doi: 10.1007/s40820-025-01860-8.
Using photoelectrocatalytic CO reduction reaction (CORR) to produce valuable fuels is a fascinating way to alleviate environmental issues and energy crises. Bismuth-based (Bi-based) catalysts have attracted widespread attention for CORR due to their high catalytic activity, selectivity, excellent stability, and low cost. However, they still need to be further improved to meet the needs of industrial applications. This review article comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in regulation strategies of Bi-based catalysts and can be divided into six categories: (1) defect engineering, (2) atomic doping engineering, (3) organic framework engineering, (4) inorganic heterojunction engineering, (5) crystal face engineering, and (6) alloying and polarization engineering. Meanwhile, the corresponding catalytic mechanisms of each regulation strategy will also be discussed in detail, aiming to enable researchers to understand the structure-property relationship of the improved Bi-based catalysts fundamentally. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of the Bi-based catalysts in the photoelectrocatalytic CORR application field will also be featured from the perspectives of the (1) combination or synergy of multiple regulatory strategies, (2) revealing formation mechanism and realizing controllable synthesis, and (3) in situ multiscale investigation of activation pathways and uncovering the catalytic mechanisms. On the one hand, through the comparative analysis and mechanism explanation of the six major regulatory strategies, a multidimensional knowledge framework of the structure-activity relationship of Bi-based catalysts can be constructed for researchers, which not only deepens the atomic-level understanding of catalytic active sites, charge transport paths, and the adsorption behavior of intermediate products, but also provides theoretical guiding principles for the controllable design of new catalysts; on the other hand, the promising collaborative regulation strategies, controllable synthetic paths, and the in situ multiscale characterization techniques presented in this work provides a paradigm reference for shortening the research and development cycle of high-performance catalysts, conducive to facilitating the transition of photoelectrocatalytic CORR technology from the laboratory routes to industrial application.
利用光电催化CO还原反应（CORR）生产有价值的燃料是缓解环境问题和能源危机的一种引人入胜的方式。铋基催化剂因其高催化活性、选择性、出色的稳定性和低成本而在CORR中受到广泛关注。然而，它们仍需进一步改进以满足工业应用的需求。这篇综述文章全面总结了铋基催化剂调控策略的最新进展，可分为六类：（1）缺陷工程，（2）原子掺杂工程，（3）有机框架工程，（4）无机异质结工程，（5）晶面工程，以及（6）合金化和极化工程。同时，还将详细讨论每种调控策略的相应催化机制，旨在使研究人员从根本上理解改进后的铋基催化剂的结构-性能关系。最后，还将从（1）多种调控策略的组合或协同作用、（2）揭示形成机制并实现可控合成、以及（3）原位多尺度研究活化途径和揭示催化机制等角度，介绍铋基催化剂在光电催化CORR应用领域面临的挑战和未来机遇。一方面，通过对六大调控策略的比较分析和机理解释，可以为研究人员构建一个铋基催化剂结构-活性关系的多维知识框架，这不仅加深了对催化活性位点、电荷传输路径和中间产物吸附行为的原子层面理解，还为新型催化剂的可控设计提供了理论指导原则；另一方面，本文提出的有前景的协同调控策略、可控合成路径和原位多尺度表征技术为缩短高性能催化剂的研发周期提供了范例参考，有助于推动光电催化CORR技术从实验室路线向工业应用的转变。
