Hassanzadeh-Rostami Zahra, Moazen Mahsa, Ranjbar Zahedani Maryam, Masoumi Seyed Jalil
Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.
Caspian J Intern Med. 2025 Jun 23;16(3):468-479. doi: 10.22088/cjim.16.3.468. eCollection 2025 Summer.
Dietary patterns based on plant foods are proposed as a means of controlling blood pressure. This study aimed to assess the adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean, and plant-based dietary pattern and their association with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure among patients with hypertension participated in the SUMS Employees Health Cohort Study (SUMS EHCS).
This cross-sectional study included 226 adults with hypertension, enrolled in the SUMS EHCS. The score of DASH, Mediterranean, and plant-based dietary patterns were measured, using a- 116 item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Plant-based dietary indices were measured and comprised of total (t-PDI), healthy (h-PDI), and unhealthy (u-PDI) plant-based dietary index. The association of each dietary score with SBP and DBP were analyzed by multivariate linear regression after adjusting for age, sex, educational level, marital status, smoking, BMI, energy intake, physical activity, having other diseases, and family history of hypertension.
The means of SBP and DBP were 127.82±15.87 and 83.51±11.22 mmHg, respectively. No significant association was seen between DASH or Mediterranean score with SBP and DBP after controlling the confounders. Although, t-PDI was significantly associated with both SBP (β; -0.53, 95% CI; -0.91, -0.15) and DBP (β; -0.30, 95% CI; -0.54, -0.03), h-PDI and u-PDI was not significantly associated with blood pressure after taking all the potential confounders into account.
No significant associations could be found between DASH, Mediterranean, and healthy or unhealthy plant-based dietary index, and blood pressure levels among hypertensive individuals.
基于植物性食物的饮食模式被认为是控制血压的一种方法。本研究旨在评估参与SUMS员工健康队列研究（SUMS EHCS）的高血压患者对终止高血压饮食疗法（DASH）、地中海饮食和植物性饮食模式的依从性及其与收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）的关系。
这项横断面研究纳入了226名参加SUMS EHCS的成年高血压患者。使用一份包含116个条目的食物频率问卷（FFQ）来测量DASH、地中海和植物性饮食模式的得分。测量植物性饮食指数，包括总植物性饮食指数（t-PDI）、健康植物性饮食指数（h-PDI）和不健康植物性饮食指数（u-PDI）。在调整年龄、性别、教育水平、婚姻状况、吸烟、体重指数、能量摄入、身体活动、是否患有其他疾病以及高血压家族史后，通过多元线性回归分析每种饮食得分与SBP和DBP的关系。
SBP和DBP的均值分别为127.82±15.87 mmHg和83.51±11.22 mmHg。在控制混杂因素后，未发现DASH或地中海饮食得分与SBP和DBP之间存在显著关联。尽管如此，t-PDI与SBP（β；-0.53，95%CI；-0.91，-0.15）和DBP（β；-0.30，95%CI；-0.54，-0.03）均显著相关，在考虑所有潜在混杂因素后，h-PDI和u-PDI与血压无显著关联。
在高血压个体中，未发现DASH、地中海饮食以及健康或不健康的植物性饮食指数与血压水平之间存在显著关联。
