Aljabri Mydaa K, Al-Raddadi Rajaa, Bahijri Suhad M, Al Ahmadi Jawaher, Ajabnoor Ghada, Jambi Hanan A
Joint Program of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA.
Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA.
J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2019 Mar 8;14(2):139-148. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.01.006. eCollection 2019 Apr.
To investigate the degree and factors responsible for adherence to a Mediterranean diet among non-diabetic patients attending primary health care centres (PHCCs).
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah PHCCs using a validated self-administered questionnaire which assessed adherence levels to 14 dietary aspects related to the Mediterranean diet. The questionnaire enabled calculation of an adherence score (0-14), where inadequate adherence was assumed for scores ≤7. Factors of adherence included general socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk factors such as body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, and fasting and 1-h postprandial blood glucose levels.
Of the 265 participants (50.6% males), inadequate adherence was reported in 74.3%. Adherence scores were higher in married participants than in unmarried ones (6.68 ± 1.74 vs. 6.24 ± 1.79, p = 0.04), as well as in those who engaged in regular physical activity vs. those who did not (6.79 ± 1.90 vs. 6.30 ± 1.63, p = 0.02). Furthermore, Mediterranean diet adherence increased with age (B = 0.02, r = 0.133; < 0.001). Interestingly, adherence scores were not associated with major cardiovascular risk factors except for a significantly higher diastolic blood pressure in participants with adequate as opposed to low adherence (77.96 ± 12.20 vs. 74.01 ± 12.24, respectively, = 0.022).
One out of 4 non-diabetic patients attending PHCCs exhibited good adherence to a Mediterranean diet without considerable association with cardiovascular risk factors. Further studies are recommended to investigate awareness and knowledge regarding the Mediterranean diet among Saudi populations. Subsequently, awareness programs could be tailored accordingly.
调查在初级卫生保健中心（PHCCs）就诊的非糖尿病患者对地中海饮食的依从程度及相关影响因素。
在吉达的初级卫生保健中心开展了一项横断面研究，使用经过验证的自填式问卷，该问卷评估了与地中海饮食相关的14个饮食方面的依从水平。通过该问卷可计算出依从得分（0 - 14分），得分≤7分被认为是依从性不足。依从性的影响因素包括一般社会人口学特征、病史、生活方式以及心血管危险因素，如体重指数、腰臀比、血压、空腹血糖和餐后1小时血糖水平。
在265名参与者中（50.6%为男性），74.3%的人报告依从性不足。已婚参与者的依从得分高于未婚者（分别为6.68 ± 1.74和6.24 ± 1.79，p = 0.04），经常进行体育活动的参与者的依从得分高于不进行体育活动的参与者（分别为6.79 ± 1.90和6.30 ± 1.63，p = 0.02）。此外，地中海饮食的依从性随年龄增长而增加（B = 0.02，r = 0.133；p < 0.001）。有趣的是，依从得分与主要心血管危险因素无关，只是依从性良好的参与者与依从性低的参与者相比，舒张压显著更高（分别为77.96 ± 12.20和74.01 ± 12.24，p = 0.022）。
在初级卫生保健中心就诊的非糖尿病患者中，四分之一的人对地中海饮食表现出良好的依从性，且与心血管危险因素无显著关联。建议进一步开展研究，调查沙特人群对地中海饮食的认知和了解情况。随后，可据此制定相应的宣传项目。
