Afzal Muhammad Younas, Bilal Muhammad, Khan Hamza, Asif Muhammad, Khan Muhammad Saqib, Iqbal Mazhar, Butt Tayyab Ashfaq, Hassan Muhammad, Shaikh Ahson Jabbar
Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22060, Pakistan.
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22060, Pakistan.
ACS Omega. 2025 Jul 25;10(30):32918-32938. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c01902. eCollection 2025 Aug 5.
This study reports the photocatalytic degradation of the RB5 dye by nickel sulfide nanoparticles (NiS NPs) in the presence of salts. Dynamic light scattering has rarely been used to study dye photocatalytic degradation. However, hydrodynamic size ( ) and zeta potential measurements offer insights into RB5 photocatalytic degradation. The hydrodynamic radius of NiS increased from 244.97 ± 31 to 1325.43 ± 531 nm upon interaction with NaCl, with 99% degradation efficiency for RB5 via OH, O , and Cl radical mechanisms, which further increased to 1882 ± 385 nm, indicating deposition of dye degraded and mineralized products on the catalyst surface. Least interaction of AgNO increased the hydrodynamic radius to 672.6 ± 339 nm with only 40% RB5 degradation. Zeta potential studies confirmed that NiS NPs are negatively charged and stable for RB5 photocatalytic degradation in NaCl, although their overall stability decreased upon interaction with salts. Trapping studies verify the radicals' generation, and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model attests adsorption as an active process followed by the RB5 photocatalytic degradation. XRD analysis confirmed an average crystallite size of 7.08 nm with a rhombohedral crystal system. Scanning electron microscopy exhibits agglomerated nanoclusters, and BET analysis demonstrates the mesoporous nature of NiS with a surface area of 161 m/g. Optical analysis (UV-vis and PL) confirms the interaction of NiS NPs with RB5 and the salts, respectively. HPLC and TOC analyses demonstrate the degradation and mineralization of RB5, respectively. Theoretical investigation reveals that the N-N position is the preferred site for RB5 interaction with NiS NPs, whereas the cage-like structure was found suitable for photocatalysis with a bandgap energy of 2.11 eV. FTIR analysis confirmed the structural stability of NiS NPs up to the 10th cycle, maintaining over 85% RB5 degradation efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of NiS NPs for the elimination of toxic dyes from wastewater and their applicability to practical applications.
本研究报道了硫化镍纳米颗粒（NiS NPs）在盐存在下对RB5染料的光催化降解。动态光散射很少用于研究染料的光催化降解。然而，流体动力学尺寸（ ）和zeta电位测量为RB5的光催化降解提供了见解。与NaCl相互作用时，NiS的流体动力学半径从244.97±31增加到1325.43±531 nm，通过OH、O 和Cl自由基机制对RB5的降解效率达到99%，进一步增加到1882±385 nm，表明染料降解和矿化产物沉积在催化剂表面。AgNO的相互作用最小，流体动力学半径增加到672.6±339 nm，RB5降解率仅为40%。Zeta电位研究证实，NiS NPs带负电荷，在NaCl中对RB5光催化降解稳定，尽管它们与盐相互作用时整体稳定性下降。捕获研究验证了自由基的产生，Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型证明吸附是RB5光催化降解之前的一个活性过程。XRD分析证实平均晶粒尺寸为7.08 nm，晶体系统为菱面体。扫描电子显微镜显示团聚的纳米团簇，BET分析表明NiS具有介孔性质，表面积为161 m/g。光学分析（紫外可见和光致发光）分别证实了NiS NPs与RB5和盐的相互作用。HPLC和TOC分析分别证明了RB5的降解和矿化。理论研究表明，N-N位置是RB5与NiS NPs相互作用的首选位点，而笼状结构被发现适合光催化，带隙能量为2.11 eV。FTIR分析证实了NiS NPs在第10个循环之前的结构稳定性，保持超过85%的RB5降解效率。这些发现突出了NiS NPs从废水中去除有毒染料的潜力及其在实际应用中的适用性。
