Pancreatitis is a severe and increasingly prevalent disease that affects the digestive system. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of this condition are crucial for reducing mortality rates and improving patient outcomes. Therefore, the development of novel diagnostic markers is essential for enhancing clinical management and advancing the understanding of pancreatitis. The initial phase involved applying the ssGSEA method to extract hypoxia scores from these samples. Subsequently, a thorough differential expression analysis was performed, complemented by functional assessments and various machine learning techniques designed to pinpoint critical diagnostic genes relevant to pancreatitis. From this, a robust diagnostic model was constructed and validated using a series of machine learning strategies. To further validate our results, molecular docking studies were conducted to determine the binding affinities between the identified markers and standard medications such as omeprazole and lansoprazole. Additionally, the ssGSEA methodology was leveraged to compute immune cell scores within the pancreatitis samples, thus enriching the analysis of the relationships between significant diagnostic genes and various immune cell types. Finally, the experiments of ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to verify the expression of key target genes. Through WGCNA, we identified a total of 50 genes associated with hypoxic conditions within the pancreatitis samples. Further investigations, including differential expression analysis and machine learning techniques, revealed six significant diagnostic markers for pancreatitis: RAP1GDS1, TOP2A, ADK, POLL, CD44, and CD4. The diagnostic model we developed exhibited a high accuracy level in predicting pancreatitis onset, while molecular docking analyses indicated that these six key diagnostic genes hold promise as drug targets. Moreover, the ssGSEA algorithm confirmed the relationships between these diagnostic markers and a range of immune cell populations. Ultimately, the expression levels of the identified key genes were rigorously validated through experimental techniques, reinforcing the credibility of our findings.