Tso M O, Hayreh S S
Arch Ophthalmol. 1977 Aug;95(8):1448-57. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1977.04450080158022.
Optic nerve heads of 21 eyes from 13 rhesus monkeys that had developed papilledema secondary to chronically raised intracranial pressure from balloon implantation in the subarachnoid space were studied by light and electron microscopy. Nine eyes were also examined with the horseradish peroxidase tracer technique. The pathologic changes in the optic nerve head included severe axonal changes and mild interstitial edema. Axonal alteration ranged from axonal swelling to formation of cytoid bodies. Interstitial edema and vascular leakage of horseradish peroxidase were noted in the posterior lamina retinalis, lamina choroidalis and lamina scleralis (prelaminar and lamina cribrosa regions), as well as in the retrolaminar myelinated optic nerve. No intracellular edema of the glial elements was noted. Axonal swelling was so prominent that it appeared to be primarily responsible for the overall swelling of the optic disc observed ophthalmoscopically.
对13只恒河猴的21只眼睛的视神经乳头进行了光镜和电镜研究，这些恒河猴因蛛网膜下腔气囊植入导致慢性颅内压升高而出现视乳头水肿。还用辣根过氧化物酶示踪技术检查了9只眼睛。视神经乳头的病理变化包括严重的轴突改变和轻度的间质水肿。轴突改变范围从轴突肿胀到细胞样体形成。在视网膜后层、脉络膜层和巩膜层（板前和筛板区域）以及板后有髓鞘视神经中均观察到间质水肿和辣根过氧化物酶的血管渗漏。未发现神经胶质细胞的细胞内水肿。轴突肿胀非常明显，似乎是眼底镜观察到的视盘整体肿胀的主要原因。
