Yuan Yongping, Wang Xiuying, Benson Verel, Ran Limei
Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
AGORO Carbon Alliance, Lincoln, NE 68512, USA.
Agriculture (Basel). 2025 May;15(10):1017. doi: 10.3390/agriculture15101017. Epub 2025 May 8.
Excessive nutrients transported from agricultural fields into the environment are causing environmental and ecological problems. This study uses an integrated multi-media modeling system version 1 (IMMMS 1.0) linking air, land surface, and watershed processes to assess corn grain yield and nitrogen (N) losses resulting from changing fertilization conditions across the contiguous United States. Two fertilizer management scenarios (FMSs) were compared and evaluated: 2006 FMS, developed based on the 2006 fertilizer sales data; and 2011 FMS, developed based on 2011 fertilizer sales and manure. Corn grain yields captured historical reported values with average percent errors of 4.8% and 0.7% for the 2006 FMS and 2011 FMS, respectively. Increased nitrogen (N) application of 21.2% resulted in a slightly increased corn grain yield of 5% in the 2011 FMS, but the simulated total N loss (through denitrification, volatilization, water, and sediment) increased to 49.3%. A better correlation was identified between crop N uptake and N application in the 2006 FMS (R = 0.60) than the 2011 FMS (R = 0.51), indicating that applied N was better utilized by crops in the 2006 FMS. Animal manure could create nutrient surpluses and lead to greater N loss, as identified in the regions of the Pacific and Southern Plains in the 2011 FMS. Manure nutrient management is important and urgently needed to protect our air and water quality. The IMMMS 1.0 is responsive to different FMSs and can be utilized to address alternative management scenarios to determine their impact when addressing the sustainability of food production and environmental issues.
从农田输送到环境中的过量养分正引发环境和生态问题。本研究使用一个将空气、陆地表面和流域过程联系起来的综合多媒体建模系统版本1（IMMMS 1.0），来评估美国本土因施肥条件变化而导致的玉米籽粒产量和氮（N）损失。比较并评估了两种肥料管理方案（FMSs）：基于2006年肥料销售数据制定的2006 FMS；以及基于2011年肥料销售和粪肥情况制定的2011 FMS。玉米籽粒产量与历史报告值相符，2006 FMS和2011 FMS的平均百分比误差分别为4.8%和0.7%。在2011 FMS中，氮（N）施用量增加21.2%，导致玉米籽粒产量略有增加，增幅为5%，但模拟的总氮损失（通过反硝化作用、挥发、水和沉积物）增加到了49.3%。与2011 FMS（R = 0.51）相比，2006 FMS中作物氮吸收与施氮量之间的相关性更好（R = 0.60），这表明2006 FMS中施用的氮被作物更好地利用了。如在2011 FMS的太平洋和南部平原地区所发现的那样，动物粪肥可能造成养分过剩并导致更多的氮损失。粪肥养分管理对于保护我们的空气和水质非常重要且迫切需要。IMMMS 1.0对不同的FMSs有响应，可用于处理替代管理方案，以确定它们在解决粮食生产可持续性和环境问题时的影响。
