Wekalao Jacob, Elsayed Hussein A, Bin-Jumah May, Alqhtani Haifa A, Abukhadra Mostafa R, Bellucci Stefano, Rajakannu Amuthakkannan, Mehaney Ahmed
Appl Opt. 2025 Jun 1;64(16):4625-4638. doi: 10.1364/AO.564120.
This study presents an innovative terahertz-range dopamine detection sensor utilizing a metasurface architecture incorporating graphene, borophene, and phosphorene. The sensor design features a 2 µm square resonator coated with phosphorene, surrounded by four 1 µm borophene-coated circular resonators on a 16µ×16µ graphene platform. The numerical findings in the present study are essentially investigated based on the fundamentals of the finite element method through COMSOL Multiphysics software. The sensor demonstrates consistent operation across two frequency bands (0.1-0.3 THz and 1.2-1.6 THz), with tuning ranges of 16 and 70 GHz, respectively. Meanwhile, the performance analysis reveals an exceptional sensitivity of 500 GHz/RIU, with a figure of merit of 8.333 and a detection limit of 0.223. Additionally, we have conducted a machine learning optimization using polynomial regression, achieving values exceeding 0.92, to validate the design's reliability. Therefore, we believe that the proposed sensor offers a practical solution for dopamine detection, combining high sensitivity with fabrication feasibility for potential commercial applications.
本研究展示了一种创新的太赫兹波段多巴胺检测传感器，该传感器采用了一种包含石墨烯、硼烯和磷烯的超表面结构。传感器设计的特点是有一个涂覆有磷烯的2微米见方的谐振器，在一个16微米×16微米的石墨烯平台上，被四个涂覆有硼烯的1微米圆形谐振器包围。本研究中的数值结果主要基于有限元方法的基本原理，通过COMSOL Multiphysics软件进行研究。该传感器在两个频段（0.1 - 0.3太赫兹和1.2 - 1.6太赫兹）上展示出一致的运行性能，调谐范围分别为16吉赫兹和70吉赫兹。同时，性能分析显示出500吉赫兹/RIU的卓越灵敏度，品质因数为8.333，检测限为0.223。此外，我们使用多项式回归进行了机器学习优化，得到的值超过0.92，以验证该设计的可靠性。因此，我们相信所提出的传感器为多巴胺检测提供了一种实用的解决方案，兼具高灵敏度和制造可行性，具有潜在的商业应用价值。
