Heidari Zakieh, Molanouri Shamsi Mahdieh, Kadkhodaei Amin, Behmanesh Mehrdad, Shahrbanian Shahnaz, Soudi Sara
Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Yazd University, Safaeih, Yazd, Iran.
Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025 Aug 12;17(1):327. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01908-0.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive impairment, with dysregulation of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling pathway-particularly its soluble receptors-implicated in both T2DM pathogenesis and cognitive dysfunction. The potential role of sIL-6R (soluble interleukin-6 receptor) and sgp130 (soluble glycoprotein 130) as mediators in the relationship between physical activity (PA) and cognitive performance in women with T2DM remains underexplored. This study examined the associations between PA, sIL-6R, and sgp130 levels and their relationship with cognitive function in this population.
This cross-sectional observational analytical study was conducted on 44 women (aged 50-75 years) with T2DM. We evaluated PA levels; serum concentrations of sIL-6R, sgp130, and IL-6; domain-specific cognitive performance; physical fitness; and diabetes-related metabolic indicators. Correlations between PA, selected cytokines, and cognitive performance were analyzed using correlation analyses and adjusted ANCOVA.
Active women had lower sIL-6R (p = 0.01, η² = 0.15) and sgp130 (p = 0.01, η² = 0.17) levels compared to inactive peers, with no difference in IL-6 (p = 0.84). Lower sIL-6R and sgp130 correlated with better processing speed (r = 0.37, p = 0.01) and visuospatial function (r = 0.36, p = 0.01); these associations remained significant after adjustment (r = 0.35, p = 0.04). PA was also associated with lower cholesterol (r = -0.37, p = 0.01) and FBS (r = -0.30, p = 0.04) and higher cardiovascular fitness (r = 0.32, p = 0.03).
Regular PA in women with T2DM is associated with reduced sIL-6R and sgp130 levels, which may be linked to better cognitive performance across multiple domains. These findings highlight the potential role of sIL-6R and sgp130 in linking PA to cognitive health, underscoring the importance of PA as a supportive strategy for managing inflammation and mitigating cognitive decline in T2DM.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）与认知障碍相关，白细胞介素-6（IL-6）信号通路失调，尤其是其可溶性受体，在T2DM发病机制和认知功能障碍中均有涉及。可溶性IL-6受体（sIL-6R）和可溶性糖蛋白130（sgp130）作为身体活动（PA）与T2DM女性认知表现之间关系的调节因子，其潜在作用仍未得到充分研究。本研究探讨了PA、sIL-6R和sgp130水平之间的关联及其与该人群认知功能的关系。
对44名年龄在50 - 75岁的T2DM女性进行了这项横断面观察性分析研究。我们评估了PA水平；sIL-6R、sgp130和IL-6的血清浓度；特定领域的认知表现；身体素质；以及糖尿病相关的代谢指标。使用相关性分析和校正后的协方差分析来分析PA、选定的细胞因子与认知表现之间的相关性。
与不活跃的同龄人相比，活跃女性的sIL-6R（p = 0.01，η² = 0.15）和sgp130（p = 0.01，η² = 0.17）水平较低，IL-6水平无差异（p = 0.84）。较低的sIL-6R和sgp130与更好的处理速度（r = 0.37，p = 0.01）和视觉空间功能（r = 0.36，p = 0.01）相关；调整后这些关联仍然显著（r = 0.35，p = 0.04）。PA还与较低的胆固醇（r = -0.37，p = 0.01）和空腹血糖（r = -0.30，p = 0.04）以及较高的心血管健康水平（r = 0.32，p = 0.03）相关。
T2DM女性定期进行PA与sIL-6R和sgp130水平降低有关，这可能与多个领域更好的认知表现相关。这些发现凸显了sIL-6R和sgp130在将PA与认知健康联系起来方面的潜在作用，强调了PA作为管理炎症和减轻T2DM认知衰退的支持性策略的重要性。
