Ortiz-Rios Michael, Sirmpilatze Nikoloz, König Jessica, Boreitus Susann
Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany.
Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Imaging Neurosci (Camb). 2024 Jul 17;2. doi: 10.1162/imag_a_00230. eCollection 2024.
Initiatives towards acquiring large-scale neuroimaging data in non-human primates promise improving translational neuroscience and cross-species comparisons. Crucial among these efforts is the need to expand sample sizes while reducing the impact of anesthesia on the functional properties of brain networks. Yet, the effects of anesthesia on non-human primate brain networks remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 9.4 tesla that isoflurane anesthesia induces a variety of brain states in the marmoset brain with dramatically altered functional connectivity profiles. As an alternative, we recommend using a continuous infusion of the sedative medetomidine, supplemented with a low concentration of isoflurane. Using this protocol in eight marmosets, we observed robust visual activation during flickering light stimulation and identified resting-state networks similar to the awake state. In contrast, isoflurane alone led to a suppressed visual activation and the absence of awake-like network patterns. Comparing states using a graph-theoretical approach, we confirmed that the structure of functional networks is preserved under our proposed anesthesia protocol but is lost using isoflurane alone at concentration levels greater than 1%. We believe that the widespread adoption of this protocol will be a step towards advancing translational neuroscience initiatives in non-human primate neuroimaging. To promote the collaborative use of neuroimaging resources, we openly share our datasets (https://zenodo.org/records/11118775).
获取非人类灵长类动物大规模神经成像数据的举措有望改善转化神经科学和跨物种比较。这些努力中的关键是需要扩大样本量，同时减少麻醉对脑网络功能特性的影响。然而，麻醉对非人类灵长类动物脑网络的影响仍不清楚。在此，我们使用9.4特斯拉的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）证明，异氟烷麻醉在狨猴脑中诱导出多种脑状态，其功能连接谱发生了显著改变。作为一种替代方法，我们建议持续输注镇静剂美托咪定，并补充低浓度的异氟烷。在八只狨猴中使用该方案，我们在闪烁光刺激期间观察到强烈的视觉激活，并识别出与清醒状态相似的静息态网络。相比之下，单独使用异氟烷会导致视觉激活受到抑制，且不存在类似清醒状态的网络模式。使用图论方法比较不同状态时，我们证实了在我们提出的麻醉方案下功能网络的结构得以保留，但在异氟烷浓度大于1%时单独使用异氟烷则会导致结构丧失。我们相信，广泛采用该方案将是朝着推进非人类灵长类动物神经成像中的转化神经科学举措迈出的一步。为促进神经成像资源的合作使用，我们公开共享我们的数据集（https://zenodo.org/records/11118775）。
