Naczk Aleksandra M, Wilhelm Marcin, Jakubska-Busse Anna, Kalinka Anna, Achrem Magdalena, Androsiuk Piotr, Górniak Marcin, Zarzycka Magdalena, Kolanowska Marta
Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
Institute of Marine & Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Aug 13;15(1):29634. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15167-6.
Ophrys apifera, commonly known as the bee orchid, is a species of orchid that has expanded its range northwards in recent decades. The present study focuses on its occurrence in Poland and analyses possible causes of this expansion, including climate change, autogamy and genetic diversity of new populations. Genetic analyses using nuclear microsatellite markers and plastid DNA revealed low overall population variability in Poland and neighbouring countries (the Czech Republic, Germany), probably caused by the founder effect and bottleneck, as well as the autogamous reproductive strategy of this species. STRUCTURE analysis identified three genetic clusters, with western populations forming a distinct, homogeneous cluster, while southern populations show a greater degree of genetic mixing. Plastid haplotype diversity was limited, with most populations dominated by a single haplotype. This confirms the scenario of recent colonisation through long-distance seed dispersal. Ecological niche modelling indicates that although O. apifera will continue to spread in regions with a suitable climate in northern and central Europe, habitat loss due to rising temperatures is predicted in the southern and western parts of its range. The combination of genetic and ecological data suggests that several independent colonisation events contributed to the recent spread of O. apifera. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring genetic variation in newly established populations and further investigating the role of climate change in the range shift of orchids.
蜂兰，学名为眉兰，是一种兰花，在近几十年里其分布范围向北扩展。本研究聚焦于其在波兰的出现情况，并分析这种扩展的可能原因，包括气候变化、自花授粉以及新种群的遗传多样性。使用核微卫星标记和质体DNA进行的遗传分析表明，波兰及周边国家（捷克共和国、德国）的总体种群变异性较低，这可能是由奠基者效应和瓶颈效应以及该物种的自花授粉繁殖策略导致的。STRUCTURE分析确定了三个遗传簇，西部种群形成一个独特的、同质的簇，而南部种群则表现出更大程度的遗传混合。质体单倍型多样性有限，大多数种群由单一单倍型主导。这证实了通过长距离种子传播进行近期定殖的情况。生态位建模表明，尽管蜂兰将继续在北欧和中欧气候适宜的地区扩散，但预计在其分布范围的南部和西部，由于气温上升会导致栖息地丧失。遗传和生态数据的结合表明，几次独立的定殖事件促成了蜂兰最近的扩散。这些发现凸显了监测新建立种群遗传变异以及进一步研究气候变化在兰花分布范围变化中作用的重要性。
