Mousavi Ghahfarrokhi Seyed Sadeq, Khafipour Ehsan, Mahmoudi Shahram, Ataei-Pirkooh Angila, Kachooei Atefeh, Bateni Shalmani Arsalan, Samadi Nasrin, Fazeli Mohammad Reza
Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 Aug 14. doi: 10.1007/s12602-025-10700-5.
Postbiotics, defined as bioactive compounds derived from probiotics, have gained increasing attention for their potential health benefits. In this study, we investigated the bio-chemical properties and antimicrobial activities of Lactobacillus bulgaricus postbiotics. The postbiotics exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus with the MIC values of 50, 50, and 100 mg/mL, respectively. Antifungal assessments demonstrated growth inhibition of Candida species with the MIC ranged from 32 to 128 mg/mL and MIC ranged from 128 to 256 mg/mL as well as Aspergillus species with the MIC of 64 mg/mL and MIC of 128 mg/mL. The postbiotic showed no antiviral effects against SA-11 rotavirus at non-cytotoxic concentrations, and moderate antioxidant properties with a DPPH IC of 2.75 mg/mL, which was significantly weaker than quercetin. The postbiotic's chemical composition revealed high levels of acetic acid, lactic acid, and little amount of 3-phenyllactic acid, contributing to its antimicrobial effects. Additionally, biosurfactants present in the postbiotic exhibited hemolytic activity and potential antimicrobial effects. Cytotoxicity analysis on NIH/3T3 cell line revealed that concentrations below 50 mg/mL were non-toxic, whereas higher concentrations showed adverse effects on cell viability. Despite demonstrating significant bioactivity, our findings emphasize the necessity to modulate expectations regarding postbiotics. They hold promise as functional agents but exhibit moderate effects rather than extreme bioactivity. This study underscores the need for further research to optimize postbiotic applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.
后生元被定义为源自益生菌的生物活性化合物，因其潜在的健康益处而受到越来越多的关注。在本研究中，我们调查了保加利亚乳杆菌后生元的生化特性和抗菌活性。该后生元对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性，其最低抑菌浓度（MIC）值分别为50、50和100mg/mL。抗真菌评估结果显示，该后生元对念珠菌属有生长抑制作用，其MIC范围为32至128mg/mL，最低杀菌浓度（MFC）范围为128至256mg/mL，对曲霉菌属的MIC为64mg/mL，MFC为128mg/mL。在非细胞毒性浓度下，该后生元对SA-11轮状病毒没有抗病毒作用，具有中等抗氧化性能，其2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼自由基清除率（DPPH IC）为2.75mg/mL，明显弱于槲皮素。该后生元的化学成分显示含有高水平的乙酸、乳酸和少量的3-苯乳酸，这有助于其抗菌作用。此外，该后生元中存在的生物表面活性剂具有溶血活性和潜在的抗菌作用。对NIH/3T3细胞系的细胞毒性分析表明，浓度低于50mg/mL时无毒，而较高浓度则对细胞活力有不利影响。尽管显示出显著的生物活性，但我们的研究结果强调了调整对后生元期望的必要性。它们有望作为功能剂，但作用中等而非具有极端生物活性。本研究强调需要进一步研究以优化后生元在食品和制药行业中的应用。
