Vicente Filipa, Anastácio Leandro, Monteiro Andreia, Brito José, Ramalho Renata, Pereira Paula
Applied Nutrition Research Group (GENA), Nutrition Lab, CIIEM-Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Quinta da Granja-Campus Universitario, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal.
Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Quinta da Granja-Campus Universitario, 2829-511 Caparica, Almada, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 23;17(15):2404. doi: 10.3390/nu17152404.
Adequate nutrition is fundamental to the health and performance of young athletes. However, many fail to meet nutritional recommendations. Nutrition education programmes are promising, cost-effective strategies for improving dietary habits. However, research gaps persist, coupled with notable variability amongst the intervention programmes targeting youth athletes. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional knowledge of Portuguese youth athletes and to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition education programme in improving football players' understanding of a healthy diet.
Participants were recruited from a local football club through public announcement. Male youth football players aged 13 to 18 years, training at least 3 times per week and competing regularly over the past six months, were eligible. The baseline assessment included anthropometric measurements, an assessment of the adherence to the Mediterranean diet using the KIDMED questionnaire, and an assessment of general and sports nutrition knowledge via a structured questionnaire. Following the intervention-comprising three face-to-face educational sessions and two digital infographics-the KIDMED and nutrition knowledge questionnaires were re-administered.
A sample of 38 male footballers were eligible for this study. Most participants exhibited a healthy body weight, with a corresponding adequate body composition. The mean KIDMED score indicated moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet with no statistically significant difference between the baseline and post-intervention (6.79 ± 1.52 versus 6.97 ± 2.01, > 0.05). There was a significant enhancement in overall nutrition knowledge, accompanied by notable improvements in the comprehension of macro- and micronutrient sources and sports nutrition principles.
This pilot programme proved effective in enhancing young football players' knowledge of nutrient sources and sports nutrition.
充足的营养对于年轻运动员的健康和表现至关重要。然而，许多人未能达到营养建议。营养教育计划是改善饮食习惯的有前景且具成本效益的策略。然而，研究差距仍然存在，同时针对青少年运动员的干预计划之间存在显著差异。本研究的目的是评估葡萄牙青少年运动员的营养知识，并评估一项营养教育计划在提高足球运动员对健康饮食理解方面的有效性。
通过公开招募从当地一家足球俱乐部招募参与者。年龄在13至18岁之间、每周至少训练3次且在过去六个月中定期参加比赛的男性青少年足球运动员符合条件。基线评估包括人体测量、使用KIDMED问卷评估对地中海饮食的依从性，以及通过结构化问卷评估一般和运动营养知识。在包括三次面对面教育课程和两份数字信息图表的干预之后，重新进行KIDMED和营养知识问卷的调查。
38名男性足球运动员的样本符合本研究的条件。大多数参与者体重健康，身体成分相应合适。KIDMED平均得分表明对地中海饮食的依从性中等，基线和干预后之间无统计学显著差异（6.79±1.52对6.97±2.01，>0.05）。整体营养知识有显著提高，同时在对宏量和微量营养素来源以及运动营养原则的理解方面有显著改善。
这项试点计划被证明在提高年轻足球运动员对营养来源和运动营养的知识方面是有效的。
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