Leão César, Rocha-Rodrigues Sílvia, Machado Inês, Lemos João, Leal Sandra, Nobari Hadi
Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Portugal.
Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, 4960-320, Portugal.
BMC Nutr. 2023 Sep 4;9(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s40795-023-00761-6.
Nutrition is vital in health and sports performance by improving anthropometric-related parameters and dietary habits, especially in the youngest ages. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been highly recognized for its positive health effects and low adverse environmental impact.
We aimed to characterize adherence to the MD and analyze its association with anthropometric parameters in young soccer players.
In the present study, 132 male young soccer players from under 9 to under 15 categories (aged 7 to 15 years) from a Portuguese football club participated. The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED) questionnaire was applied to assess adherence to the MD. Anthropometric-related parameters, including body mass, height, triceps skinfold thickness (TSKF), suprailiac skinfold thickness (SISKF), body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (%BF), were determined. The differences between groups were performed accordingly to normal and non-normal distribution. Spearman's correlations were performed to analyze the hypothetical correlation between KIDMED and BMI.
Players reached an average KIDMED score of 8.36 ± 1.92, showing that 68.2% (n = 90) reached high adherence to the MD, 31.1% (n = 41) had moderate adherence to the MD, and 0.78% (n = 1) had poor adherence to the MD. When the analysis was made for age group and BMI classification, no significant differences were observed in adherence to the MD. Considering the main characteristics of the MD, 50.8% consumed fruit (vs. 49,2%), 52.3% consumed vegetables (vs. 47,7%), and only 20% consumed oleaginous dried fruits (vs. 80%). Dairy consumption throughout the day was 49,2% (vs. no: 50,8%).
Data from the present study showed that many soccer players adhered to the MD, and no differences were observed for age group or BMI classification.
营养对于健康和运动表现至关重要，它可以改善人体测量学相关参数和饮食习惯，在最年幼的年龄段尤其如此。地中海饮食（MD）因其对健康的积极影响和较低的负面环境影响而备受认可。
我们旨在描述年轻足球运动员对地中海饮食的依从性，并分析其与人体测量学参数的关联。
在本研究中，来自葡萄牙一家足球俱乐部的132名9岁以下至15岁以下（年龄7至15岁）的男性年轻足球运动员参与其中。应用儿童和青少年地中海饮食质量指数（KIDMED）问卷来评估对地中海饮食的依从性。测定了与人体测量学相关的参数，包括体重、身高、肱三头肌皮褶厚度（TSKF）、髂上皮肤褶厚度（SISKF）、体重指数（BMI）和体脂百分比（%BF）。根据正态分布和非正态分布对组间差异进行分析。采用斯皮尔曼相关性分析来分析KIDMED与BMI之间的假设相关性。
球员的KIDMED平均得分为8.36±1.92，表明68.2%（n = 90）对地中海饮食具有高度依从性，31.1%（n = 41）对地中海饮食具有中度依从性，0.78%（n = 1）对地中海饮食依从性较差。在按年龄组和BMI分类进行分析时，未观察到对地中海饮食依从性的显著差异。考虑到地中海饮食的主要特点，50.8%的人食用水果（相比之下为49.2%），52.3%的人食用蔬菜（相比之下为47.7%），只有20%的人食用油籽干果实（相比之下为80%）。全天乳制品的摄入量为49.2%（相比之下未摄入的为50.8%）。
本研究数据表明，许多足球运动员坚持地中海饮食，且在年龄组或BMI分类方面未观察到差异。
